BACKGROUND Increased Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (S-IGF-1) has been noted after physical activity in healthy subjects, while the acute release of S-IGF-1 in relation to exercise has not previously been studied in women with fibromyalgia (FM). S-IGF-1 and its binding protein (S-IGFBP-3) are mediated by growth hormone and have anabolic effects on the skeletal muscle. Aim of the study was t...

BACKGROUND Bicycling to work may be a viable approach for achieving physical activity that provides cardiovascular health benefits. In this study we investigated the relationship of bicycling to work with incidence of obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired glucose tolerance across a decade of follow-up in middle-aged men and women. METHODS AND RESULTS We followed 23 732 Swe...

This report gives a brief overview of four related small research projects. The full papers resulting from the projects are included as appendices. The four projects were related by the theme of bicycling preferences and behavior with regard to bicycling facilities. The studies were also connected by the fact that they were all based on information from the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Pa...

BACKGROUND Descriptive data on active transportation in children focuses on the trip to school and has relied on subjective reports. The purpose of this study was to use objective measures to describe total active transportation and active transportation to common destinations within children. METHODS This was a descriptive study of 388 children aged 10-13 years from Kingston, Ontario, Canada...

PROBLEM/CONDITION Physical activity is a health-enhancing behavior, and most U.S. adults do not meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Active transportation, such as by walking or bicycling, is one way that persons can be physically active. No comprehensive, multiyear assessments of active transportation surveillance in the United States have been conducted. PERIOD COVERED ...

Abstract We relate the sub-Riemannian geometry on group of rigid motions plane to ‘bicycling mathematics’. show that this geometry’s geodesics correspond bike paths whose front tracks are either non-inflectional Euler elasticae or straight lines, and its infinite minimizing (or ‘metric lines’) lines ‘Euler’s solitons’ (also known as syntractrix convicts’ curves).