Dams and other large water infrastructures are more than mere technical projects in Pakistan. They carry a special symbolic burden understood by the state as vectors of modernisation. This paper interrogates making statist hydraulic imaginary Pakistan 1960s its continued relevance today. posits technocratic protagonist national narrative hydro-modernisation. I argue that production disseminatio...

North Korea’s economic and technological backwardness does not seem to allow Pyongyang possess proficient cyberwarfare capabilities. Yet, cyber offensive capabilities are a major security threat in new convergence space called the cyber–physical (CPS) that connects real world virtual world. How has Korea become formidable actor CPS, despite disadvantages? Put differently, what makes global powe...

This paper mainly focuses on the causes, states and relationship structure of digital poverty rural residents. The research samples consist 60 residents from two areas in Shaanxi Province. survey data is obtained through a one-to-one in-depth semi-structured interview method, exploratory analysis conducted by qualitative coding. results show that causes include three dimensions: insufficient ef...

This The dynamics of civilization development were enriched by the volatility human civilization. Its backwardness and degradation, however, strongly attached to prevailing problems, including moral degeneration, absence dynamism in Islam as consequence dogmatism conservatism, under scientific activities, dim spirit Islamic rationalist, disintegration among Muslim societies. Those problems subs...

Two letters from the surviving eighteenth-century correspondence between polymath professor of history FrantiĹĄek AntonĂ­n SteinskĂ˝ in Prague and his friend, merchant Joseph Donath Philadelphia reveal an interesting episode transatlantic connections Central Europe North America. On one hand, Donath’s scientific observations conducted on behalf associates shared enlightened pursuits both ...

This article is a contemporary analysis of the influence Jadidism on formation understanding and consciousness Kazakh people in context education at second half XIX century. The Russian resettlement settlements near villages century contributed not only to economic development, but also interaction mutual enrichment cultures. In history development spiritual culture century, special historical ...

• Degrowth signifies an alternative to the prevalent model of growth-based development. This paper charts a research agenda on real-existing degrowth. The cultural geography small islands provides fertile context for ‘Southern thought’ revalorizes what otherwise would be seen as backwardness and under-development. In thinking about alternatives development, we draw attention Mediterranean way t...

Abstract As a starting point in equipment manufacturing, sawing plays an important role industrial production. Intelligent manufacturing is carrier of intelligent technologies. Due to the backwardness technology, comprehensive performance equipments China obviously different from that foreign countries. State art advanced investigated along with technical bottleneck machine tool and new scheme ...

The establishment of the Imperial University Peking was a major event in Hundred Days' Reformation and preserved conflict between reformers conservatives. Before fall Qing Dynasty, witnessed ancient empire's attempts to improve its backwardness. Against backdrop imperial reform, newly established university also experienced impact old new forces from court itself. country's talent training syst...

The figure of the middle-class housewife or ‘ rabbat bayt’ emerged in late 19th-century Arabic-language public sphere amidst colonial encounter. This gendering middle-classness responded to a perceived cultural ‘lag’ yet now itself increasingly signifies backwardness relation ideals emphasizing women’s education and community service over older norms purity propriety. Today, unemployment, discr...