Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a versatile host organism for the generation of recombinant live vaccines for mucosal immunization. We investigated the performance of an intracellular-activated promoter for expression of heterologous antigens by Salmonella carrier strains. We observed that intracellular expressed antigens were more efficient in elicitation of humoral and cellular imm...

Resolution of infection with attenuated Salmonella is an active process that requires CD4(+) T cells. Here, we demonstrate that costimulation via the surface molecule CD28, but not antibody production by B cells, is required for clearance of attenuated aroA Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. In contrast, specific antibody is critical for vaccine-induced protection against virulent bacteri...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons leading to paralysis and death. Mutations of the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are found in some cases of familial ALS (fALS). Recent evidences suggest the accumulation of intracellular calcium is one of the primary mechanisms of motor neuronal degeneration. In th...

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains of serogroup O111 are the most frequently isolated non-O157 strains causing outbreaks of gastroenteritis with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). O antigen is a major antigen in Gram-negative bacteria, and it has been shown that O111 is a protective antigen. Attenuated Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium aroA strain STM-1 was used as a live carrier t...

BACKGROUND: Colibacillosis, caused by different serotypes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is one of the important diseases in poultry industry. The isolate O78 is the most prevalent serotype of APEC in Iran. One of the APEC virulence factors, increased serum survival (iss) gene, is related to serum resistance. The usual form of colibacillosis in avian is extraintestinal, and serum ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons leading to paralysis and death. Mutations of the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are found in some cases of familial ALS (fALS). Recent evidences suggest the accumulation of intracellular calcium is one of the primary mechanisms of motor neuronal degeneration. In th...

Inefficient secretion of the human coagulation factor (hFVIII) in mammalian expression systems is one ofthe main causes of the hFVIII low expression level, attributed to its interaction with a chaperone known asBiP/GRP78. In order to improve secretion efficiency of the hFVIII, based on the higher secretion level of theporcine FVIII and analysis of the hFVIII A110 region, that ...

Abstract Background Anatomic knowledge of the tricuspid valve (TV) is first step in diagnostic algorithm patients with regurgitation (TR), who are candidates for transcatheter intervention (TTVI). Currently, echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) available instruments to study TV anatomy, guide decision-making process support development novel therapies. Purpose The Tricuspid Regurgitati...