We describe two metrics for automatic evaluation of machine translation quality. These metrics, BLEU and NEE, are compared to human judgment of quality of translation of Arabic, Chinese, French, and Spanish documents into English.

[248] The passage of Greek science into Western Europe through medieval Spain has been one of the focal points of medieval intellectual history. Although the movement has been typically portrayed as a bipartite one, with translation from Greek into Arabic anteceding the flourescence of Arabic science in the ninth century, and a later phase of translation from Arabic into Latin (eleventh and twe...

The many differences between Dialectal Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) pose a challenge to the majority of Arabic natural language processing tools, which are designed for MSA. In this paper, we retarget an existing state-of-the-art MSA morphological tagger to Egyptian Arabic (ARZ). Our evaluation demonstrates that our ARZ morphology tagger outperforms its MSA variant on ARZ input in te...

In this paper, we propose a novel model for scoring reordering in phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) and successfully use it for translation from Farsi into English and Arabic. The model replaces the distance-based distortion model that is widely used in most SMT systems. The main idea of the model is to penalize each new deviation from the monotonic translation path. We also pr...

the fourth and fifth centuries ah are the golden era of arabic poetry in iran when we see a great movement in arabic poetry across iran.although it is unknown why, sistan in iran had a great role in the development and prosperity of arabic poems. but no investigation has been done about its role up to now. the presentresearch seeks topresent some topics of arabic poetry in sistanthrough explori...