BACKGROUND Anogenital distance in animals is used as a measure of fetal androgen action. Prenatal exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in rodents causes reproductive changes in male offspring and decreases anogenital distance. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether in utero exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds adversely influences anogenital distance in newborns and young children (m...

The application value of conventional ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography (UE) in preoperative diagnosis and combined diagnosis of malignant anus neoplasms was investigated. One hundred and twenty patients, whose mass was detected by digital rectal examination, were examined using UE and conventional ultrasound before operation, and the results were compared with those of histopathological e...

Objectives/Goals The objective is to design Artificial Neural Units that decode commands encoded in the temporal density of neural spike sequences (each unit decodes one command) and to use them in an Artificial Neural Network to decode a multitude of such commands Methods/Materials The proposed solution involved: (1) Artificial Neural Units (ANUs), based on a very simple version of the integra...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to critically appraise and compare the diagnostic performance of imaging modalities that are used for the diagnosis of upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract obstruction in neonates and infants. METHODS A focused clinical question was constructed and the literature was searched using the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome met...

Manual dilatation of the anus was carried out on 50 unpremedicated outpatients under propanidid, nitrous oxide, and halothane anaesthesia with E.C.G.monitoring. About half of the patients received intravenous atropine with the propanidid. The operation induced a variety of changes in heart rate but in the whole experiment only two isolated cardiac arrhythmic complexes were seen-a single defect ...

WHEN the importance of the thymus to immunological development was discovered in the early 1960's it was appreciated that certain thymic functions may be mediated by humoral factors or hormones. A number of different peptides have been extracted from thymic tissue and there is a large, often controversial, literature dealing with their effects and possible role in T-lymphocyte development. Mode...

THE Lilly Lecture of 1979 at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh was delivered by Professor R. H. Girdwood, a distinguished fellow of the College and Professor of Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology in the University. The lecture commences with a consideration of the portable medicine chest belonging to Prince Charles Edward (The Young Pretender) and possibly brought by him to Scotl...

o J-N 1912 Maxwell read a paper before the ?ciety of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ^titled ' Fistulous Disease of the Buttocks : a cllnical entity Under this title he described a disease occurring in South Formosa and Pr?bably also in South China. The disease was areIt began, according to the statement of ?lle patients, as an ordinary fistula-in-ano, and r?m this fistulous tracks spread in all ...