introduction: open-apex teeth with irreversible pulpitis require complex and difficult treatment. providing the right environment for apexogenesis and pulp protection is vital for their long term prognosis. the young pulp of open apex tooth, however, is better equipped against irritation and assault. the aim of this study was to evaluate pulp inflammation in open apex canine teeth of cats. mate...

introduction: the ideal endodontic treatment for the teeth with in complete root-ends and necrotic pulps may involve the use of material which forms an immediate apical barrier instead of long term calcium hydroxide therapy. such procedure may lead us to a single appointment endodontic treatment. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic success rate in necrotic...

A 17-year-old male presented with a wound on the right temporal region, oozing hemorrhagic necrotic brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, following a fall. Computed tomography showed temporoparietal and petrous apex fractures on the right. Neurological examination revealed abducens nerve paresis, ptosis, and myosis on the right side. The patient was treated surgically for the removal of the fre...

six species of sargassum c. agardh (sargassaceae) with compressed primary branches, including: s. binderi sonder, s. aquifolium (turner)c. agardh, s. oligocystum montagne, s. swartzii (turner)c. agardh, s. crassifolium j. agardh and s. cristaefolium c. a. agardh, were identified in the persian gulf and oman sea coasts, among which s. binderi is reported as newly recorded species in iran for the...