BACKGROUND Amnesia is characterized by loss of memory that could result from abnormal neuro-chemical homeostasis, genetic predisposition or drug abuse. We earlier reported that B. monniera attenuates diazepam, scopolamine and L-NNA induced amnesia and wanted to test if SOD levels were affected by its administration. PURPOSE B. monniera is earlier reported to augment the defense system for oxi...

Episodic memory and semantic memory are two types of declarative memory. There have been two principal views about how this distinction might be reflected in the organization of memory functions in the brain. One view, that episodic memory and semantic memory are both dependent on the integrity of medial temporal lobe and midline diencephalic structures, predicts that amnesic patients with medi...

Activity of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is characterized by a pronounced circadian rhythm. An acute increase in cortisol levels occurs after awakening in the morning with continuously declining levels over the course of the remaining day. The morning cortisol increase probably reflects an activational response of the HPA axis aimed at preparing the body for the day. Some studi...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To prospectively follow up a group of amnesic patients at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), to characterize a group of patients whose features were intermediate between amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and probable AD, prodromal AD (Prd-AD), and to investigate if these patients were at higher risk for AD conversion. METHODS A total of 109 subjects were assessed by neu...

Results from behavioral studies of amnesic patients and neuroimaging studies of individuals with intact memory suggest that a brain system involving direct contributions from the medial temporal lobes supports both remembering the past and imagining the future (Episodic Future Thinking). In the present study, we investigated whether amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) affects EFT. Amnesic ...

Semantic knowledge (e.g., long-established knowledge about objects, facts, and word meanings) is known to be severely impaired by damage to the anterolateral temporal lobe. For example, patients with semantic dementia have prominent atrophy in anterolateral temporal cortex and also have significant damage within the medial aspect of the temporal lobe. However, there is uncertainty about the con...

Pathogenesis and Natural History of Transient Global Amnesia • Fourteen patients aged between 49 and 92 years who had suffered from one or more attacks of transient global amnesia (TGA) have been followed for a mean interval of 30 months. Thirteen patients had one or more risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, such as hypertension, cardiac abnormalities, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Clinical...

A group of 94 nondemented patients self-referred to an outpatient memory clinic for memory difficulties were studied to determine the incidence of single versus multi-domain mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using Petersen criteria. Fifty-five community dwelling normal controls (NC) participants without memory complaints also were recruited. Tests assessing executive control, naming/lexical retri...

The effect of α-asarone on impairment of cognitive performance caused by amnesic drug scopolamine was investigated. Treatment with α-asarone attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits as evaluated by passive avoidance and Y-maze test. Administration of α-asarone for 15 d improved memory and cognitive function as indicated by an increase in transfer latency time and spontaneous alternatio...

To elucidate the role of the hippocampus in unaware relational memory, the present study examined the performance of amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) lesions on a cued category-exemplar generation task. In contrast to a prior study in which amnesic patients showed impaired performance (Verfaellie et al., Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 2006, 6, 91-101), the cu...