Present study was conducted to determine the dry mass and the total ammonia-N (TAN) excretion in embryos, Zoea (I–XI) and post-larvae (PL) stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii at 1, 5, and 10 d after metamorphosis (PL1, PL5, and PL10). Tested animals were collected according to their developmental stages, and placed into incubation chambers (∼50 mL) for 2 hours to calculate the TAN excretion of ...

The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effects of two ruminally degradable protein (RDP) levels in diets containing similar ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) and metabolizable protein (MP) concentrations on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and transfer of ruminal ammonia N into milk protein in dairy cows. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows were allo...

In patients with cirrhosis, dehydration induced by diuretics is a common precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which may respond to volume expansion. The mechanism of HE in this situation is not fully understood. The present study evaluates the effect of plasma volume expansion on the severity of HE, plasma and urinary ammonia in patients with diuretic-induced HE. Fifteen patients with al...

Inflow of preformed ammonia in arterial blood, renal production of ammonia, outflow of ammonia in renal venous blood, and urinary excretion of ammonia were measured during the infusion of 15NH4Cl into one renal artery of dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis. Our results show that the specific activity of ammonia measured in the urine and that calculated in the renal pool agree within 95%. Pool ...

This study evaluated the effect of feeding silage to pigs on nitrogen (N) utilization and ammonia (NH3) volatilization. In total, 128 Yorkshire × Hampshire (30–110 kg) were fed commercial feed (Control) or mixed with dried, milled in pelleted form (Pellet-S), fresh, chopped (Silage-Ch) intensively treated (Silage-Pr). Silage replaced 20% crude protein (g/kg). Diet affected daily N excretion, wh...

Transbranchial ammonia gradients and blood acid-base status have been examined in rainbow trout acclimated to fresh water (FW), 33% sea water (33% SW) and sea water (SW) and exposed to 1.0 mmol l-1 total ammonia (TAmm) at pH 7.9 for 24 h. At all three salinities trout maintained large negative (inwardly directed) NH3 and NH4+ gradients throughout the exposure, presumably by active excretion of ...

This experiment investigated the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) and ruminally degraded protein (RDP) levels on rumen fermentation, digestibility, ammonia emission from manure, and performance of lactating dairy cows. The experiment was a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design with 6 cows. Three diets varying in CP concentration were tested (CP, % of dry matter): 15.4 (high CP, control), 13....

Inflow of preformed ammonia in arterial blood, renal production of ammonia, outflow of ammonia in renal venous blood, and urinary excretion of ammonia were measured during the infusion of (15)NH(4)Cl into one renal artery of dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis. Our results show that the specific activity of ammonia measured in the urine and that calculated in the renal pool agree within 95%. P...

BACKGROUND Few treatments are available to slow the progression to renal failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In an animal model of PKD, the male heterozygous Han:SPRD rat, intake of a solution of potassium citrate plus citric acid (KCitr) from age one to three months prevented a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The present study tested whether this benefic...

Glycine is an important ammoniagenic amino acid, which is increased in acute liver failure (ALF). We have previously shown that L-ornithine phenylacetate (OP) attenuates ammonia rise and intracranial pressure in pigs suffering from ALF but failed to demonstrate a stoichiometric relationship between change in plasma ammonia levels and excretion of phenylacetylglutamine in urine. The aim was to i...