The empirical study of personality differences is sometimes like a rough ride through a desert without orientation (lacking constructs, established methods, and replicable empirical findings), sometimes like an expedition into a jungle (facing an inextricable net of many similar but non-identical constructs, diverse established methods, and contradictory findings), and sometimes like a puzzle (...

Research in countries of the Western World has shown that mother’s occupational and educational status affects daughters’ plans for their future life (Pearson, 1983; Rosenfeld, 1978). In developing countries of Africa and Asia, mother’s education also plays an important role in the future education of young girls (Handa, 1996; Hyde, 1993; Tilak, 1993). This article contributes to this literatur...

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To further delineate the conceptual and operational properties of attitude structure, the relationship between affect and behavioral Intentions was tested by Campbell and Fiske's (1959) imiltitrait-multi■ethod matrix procedure. Involved were measures of affect, behavioral intentions, and a multiplicative function of measures of behavioral intentions and the affect toward the behaviors. The resu...

RETURNING now to the United States for a consideration of research developments there during the late fifties and early sixties. In reviewing the major publications of the time, one can see that the whole approach to the question of accident proneness was still one of openminded inquiry. Despite a certain amount of despondency over the lack of statistical evidence to support the concept (especi...

OVERVIEW The O.J. Simpson " trial of the century " in the mid-1990s captured the attention of the American populace more than any other public spectacle since the kidnaping of the Lindberg baby in the 1920s. A prominent football player and popular sportscaster was charged with a gruesome double homicide. The attorneys for the prosecution and defense were of various races and genders. The eviden...

The cross-level or ecological inference problem has fascinated scholars for nearly a century (Ogburn and Goltra 1919, Allport 1924, Gehlke and Biehl 1934). The problem occurs when one is interested in the behavior of individuals, but has data only at an aggregated level (e.g., precincts, hospital wards, counties). This data limitation creates a situation where the behavior of individuals must b...

Understanding other people amounts to one of themost important and complex challenges humans regularly encounter. And yet, despite the enormously variable and noisy nature of social stimuli (e.g., faces and bodies, both in static and in dynamic configurations), humans reliably extract information about one another in a process that appears automatic and obligatory. Among the information spontan...

a r t i c l e i n f o Research on intergroup attitudes in children has focused on contact with out-group peers but neglected the role of adults. This cross-sectional self-report study examined the association between the ethnic attitudes of 174 minority (Turkish-and Moroccan–Dutch) preadolescents (ages 9–13) and the perceived interpersonal relationships with their (native Dutch) majority group ...

From its inception as a distinct discipline devoted to the scientific study of how people influence and are influenced by others, social psychologists have explored the nature of leadership. After noting the origins of leadership research in the work of such early theorists as Le Bon, Freud, and Lewin, we discuss the four key themes addressed in this volume: (1) the characteristics of the leade...