The cases of three children, 16, 12, and 12 years of age, who suffered sudden confusional state and cortical blindness lasting 12 to 30 minutes while under treatment with high-dose methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin for a lower limb osteosarcoma are reported. Transient neuropsychologic deficits arose after the acute phase of treatment: left hemispatial neglect and constructive apr...

A man of 51 years presented with sudden onset of a confusional state and marked visual deterioration. The computerised transaxial tomogram showed a mass in the corpus callosum which had spread to involve both cerebral hemispheres. The visual evoked potential to pattern stimulus was delayed by about 20 ms. Necropsy confirmed the presence of an astrocytoma of the corpus callosum involving the opt...

OBJECTIVE To report a rare association of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS). CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A diabetic female presented with HHS and prolonged severe hypernatraemia. The metabolic derangement was adequately treated with proper correction of both hyperglycaemia and hypernatraemia. Lack of improvement in the presenting confus...

Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) has infected an estimated 130 million people worldwide, most of whom are chronically infected. Infection is marked by both treatment- and non-treatment-related psychiatric symptoms. Symptoms associated with antiretroviral therapy, interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), include acute confusional states, delirium, depression, irritability, and even mania. These psychiatric symptoms...

When the frontal lobe of the brain is affected important behavioral changes may occur mainly at the level of executive functioning, i.e., planning, decision-making, judgment and self-perception. However, the behavioral changes may be of different nature with marked indifference and apathy. We report a clinical case of an 81-year-old patient with sudden onset of behavioral changes that were init...

Introduction. There is a lot of evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 has various manifestations. This paper presents report two cases with the aim to indicate multifactorial etiology confusional states in patients mental disorders at time pandemic. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 affects not only and cardiovascular systems, but also brain, kidneys other organ systems. One ...

Acute confusional migraine (ACM) is a dramatic, rare manifestation of migraine describedmostly for children and adolescents. There are few data on the treatment of an ACM attack. Prochlorperazine has been suggested as an effective drug. The authors of some reports have suggested that valproic acid may play a role in the prevention of ACM and as treatment for acute migraine headache in the adult...