Pakistan is an agricultural country and requires adequate supply of water for irrigation throughout the year. Water one most precious natural resources its effectual management a main concern in various systems around world. The major problem accumulation by wealthy farmers store their own fields allow to pass other after receiving money. Secondly, time wastage occurs due over watering, it beca...

in order to study the effects of different irrigation system and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted at ekbatan research station, hamedan during 2005-2006 as split plot based on randomized complete block design  with three replications. the main plots were irrigation systems (furrow, sprinkler and drip irrigation) and subplots...

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two instrumentation and irrigant techniques in smear-layer removal from root canals. Methodology: Thirty single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (continuous irrigation) was prepared using Selfadjusting file, and group 2 (manual irrigation; conventional needle irrigation) was prepared using with ProTaper f...

As more subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are being installed throughout the plains of Texas for cotton production, irrigators are concerned about the high cost of installation and the potential benefits of alternative designs. A field study was conducted at the Texas AgriLife Research facilities at Halfway, Texas, to document the agronomic impacts of distribution uniformities on cotton ...

AIM To investigate the impact of sequential irrigation procedures on accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) levels in canal systems in mesial roots of human mandibular molars after instrumentation. METHODOLOGY Based on pre-scans in a micro-computed tomography (μCT) system, 20 extracted human mandibular molars with joining mesial root canals and an isthmus between these were selected. Canals we...

The present paper discusses a coupled gridded crop modeling and hydrologic modeling system that can examine the benefits of irrigation and costs of irrigation and the coincident impact of the irrigation water withdrawals on surface water hydrology. The system is applied to the Southeastern U.S. The system tools to be discussed include a gridded version (GriDSSAT) of the crop modeling system DSS...

AIM To compare the apical negative pressure irrigation (ANP) with conventional irrigation in the teeth of immature dogs with apical periodontitis. METHODS Fifty-two immature pre-molar root canals were randomly assigned into 4 groups: ANP (n=15); conventional irrigation (n=17); healthy teeth (control) (n = 10); and teeth with untreated apical periodontitis (control) (n=10). After induction of ...

The review analysis of twenty two irrigation efficiency (IE) studies carried out in the Ebro River Basin shows that IE is low (average IE)(avg)(= 53%) in surface-irrigated areas with high-permeable and shallow soils inadequate for this irrigation system, high (IE)(avg)(= 79%) in surface-irrigated areas with appropriate soils for this system, and very high (IE)(avg)(= 94%) in modern, automated a...

At present, irrigation decision-making systems applied to the field of agriculture were mostly aimed at a given area and specific crops. It was difficult to be applied in different areas and different crops. In this paper, a precision irrigation decision-making system has done something to solve this problem. The paper, on the one hand, has synthesized multi-areas and multi-crops in one decisio...

Applying automatic control methods to irrigation canals is a way to improve the management of irrigation systems. The dynamic difficulties that involved this hydraulic systems such as non-linearity, varying time delay, and uncontrolled perturbations make the choice of a suitable automatic control method a challenge. To this purpose, this paper presents a methodology for design of decentralized ...