OBJECTIVE To accurately determine whether there are any features of an abnormal cervical smear that predispose to the production of a false negative report, in order to gain insight into why false negative reports are issued, and to establish whether there are steps that can be taken to reduce them. DESIGN A quantitative retrospective analysis using the AxioHOME microscope of the number, size...

INTRODUCTION HIV-positive women have an increased risk of invasive cervical cancer but cytologic screening is effective in reducing incidence. Little is known about cervical screening coverage or the prevalence of abnormal cytology among HIV-positive women in Ukraine, which has the most severe HIV epidemic in Europe. METHODS Poisson regression models were fitted to data from 1120 women enroll...

A group of 47 experts representing 23 professional societies, national and international health organizations, and federal agencies met in Bethesda, MD, September 14-15, 2012, to revise the 2006 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Consensus Guidelines. The group's goal was to provide revised evidence-based consensus guidelines for managing women with abnormal cervical cancer ...

Cervical cancer is a serious disease that threatens the health of women worldwide. This study compared the sensitivities and false-positive rates of cervical cytology (Pap smear), human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test, cervicography, first double-combined testing (cervical cytology and HPV DNA test), second double-combined testing (cervical cytology and cervicography) and triple-combined testing...

BACKGROUND There is a scarcity of data on the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the HIV positive population and in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in Kenya. This may be different from genotypes found in abnormal cytology. Yet, with the advent of preventive HPV vaccines that target HPV 16 and 18, and the nonavalent vaccine targeting 90% of all ICC cases, such HPV genotype di...

OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the management of women with abnormal cytology in terms of subsequent risk of invasive cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN The screening histories of all invasive cervical cancer cases diagnosed in Sweden 1999-2001 and of 5 population-based controls per case were reviewed. In all, 159 patients and 258 control subjects aged < 67 years had an abnormal smear result 0.5-...

Cervical cancer is third in incidence and fourth in mortality among cancers of women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary, if not sufficient, to cause nearly 100% of cervical cancers. HPV testing is useful in primary screening for cervical neoplasms. The value of HPV detection or genotyping is potentially useful in triage of borderline or lo...

BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis is more prevalent in subfertile women than in the general population and is the leading cause of tubal factor subfertility. As C. trachomatis infections are sexually transmitted, it can be expected that infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) are also more prevalent in this group of women. HPV is a necessary cause for the development of cervical (pre-)maligna...