Nowadays, with the changing climatic conditions due to global warming, seasonal estrus cycle in cats has reached point where it can spread almost throughout year. This situation brought many problems it. Mammary tumors and mammary gland hyperplasia are most common cases mammarytissue, which occur as a result of medical interventions for reproductive control. In this review, information about et...

Six-hour starvation of lactating rats caused a 75% decrease in mammary-gland lipogenesis. The inhibition of lipogenesis was accompanied by a 45% decrease of blood flow to the mammary gland and a 60% decrease in glucose uptake. Within 2 h of refeeding, lipogenesis and glucose uptake by the gland increased to fed values though blood flow to the gland remained at only 63% of that in the fed state....

The transcript length is 1,376 base pairs and the start of the transcript is located in Contig AL049874.3.1.193047. The transcript can be detected in a variety of tissues during mouse development (see below for protein expression) and this has also been confirmed at the protein level (using reporter genes). The transcript is further detected throughout normal mouse mammary gland development wit...

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine which has been for long studied at the level of central nervous system, however few studies focus on its role in peripheral organs. The main aim this review to summarize state art what known up date about pleiotrophin and implications metabolic In summary, promotes proliferation preadipocytes, pancreatic β cells, as well cells during mammary gland development. M...

The disruption of cell cycle regulation is associated with developmental abnormalities and tumorigenesis. The SV4O large T antigen (Tag) interferes with cell cycle control by interacting with the pRb family and p53. Mice carrying a transgene composed of the whey acidic protein (WAP) gene promoter and the Tag coding sequence express Tag during pregnancy and are unable to nurse their young. Tag e...

Adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1) is a multifunctional protein that negatively regulates the tumor suppressor PTEN and IκBα, the inhibitor of NF-κB, through protein-protein interaction, thereby promoting cell survival and inflammation. Mice homozygous for a disrupted AEBP1 gene developed to term but showed defects in growth after birth. AEBP1(-/-) females display lactation defect, wh...

C3Hf (XVII) mice never develop spontaneous mammary tumors. However, the transplantation of an isologous pituitary gland under their kidney capsule is followed by a 10-fold increase in serum and pituitary prolactin content (180 ng/ml and 20 micrograms/mg of tissue, respectively), concomitant with an increase of prolactin receptors in mammary glands. Under these conditions, mammary tumors appear ...

Our study investigated the potential for important in vivo drug-nutrient transport interactions at the lactating mammary gland using the L-carnitine transporter substrates, cefepime and L-carnitine, as proof-of-concept. On d 4 (n = 6/treatment) and d 10 (n = 6/treatment) of lactation, rats were administered cefepime (250 mg/h) or saline by continuous i.v. infusion (4 h). Serum and milk L-carnit...