All the metabolically important C1 through C5 fatty acids and lactic, pyruvic and fl-hydroxybutyric acids can be gas chromatographed surprisingly well on the common 2-meter 3% methylphenylsilicone (e.g., “OV-17”) column when a late-eluting silylating reagent such as trimethylsilylimidazole is used. In these circumstances, the trimethylsilyl esters elute in an interval that is free of the reagen...

There have been many studies involving frying of potato chips in various vegetable oils in order to observe the quality of the fried product [1-6]. Frying oils are exposed to extreme environmental conditions (air, water or steam, high temperatures of 140-200 °C), trace metals that result in degradation of the frying oil triacylglycerols by oxidation, polymerization, isomerization, cyclization a...

Lighter fluid, like gasoline, model airplane glue, paint thinner, varnish, nail polish remover, and even some types of cover-up products, are all known in chemistry as "organic solvents," or part of the volatile organic compound (VOC) family. Like the effects of low-dose anesthesia, the pungent fumes of these chemicals produce a lightheaded and hot feeling. Many heavy solvent sniffers report al...

The potential of room-temperature molten salts (ionic liquids) as solvents for electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells has been investigated during the last decade. The non-volatility, good solvent properties and high electrochemical stability of ionic liquids make them attractive solvents in contrast to volatile organic solvents. Despite this, the relatively high viscosity of ionic liquids...

In this work a lipopeptide biosurfactant, obtained from an agro industrial residue, was used as washing agent to remove fluorene from soil. Soil extraction carried out with biosurfactants is more environmental friendly tan those extraction based on volatile solvents or chemical surfactants. Thus, in order to find the best operational conditions, the effect of soil loading and pH during batch so...

The dynamics of an evaporating droplet in unsteady flow is practical interest many industrial applications and natural processes. To investigate the transport evaporation such droplets, we present a numerical study isolated oscillating gas-phase flow. uses one-way coupled two-phase model to assess effect amplitude frequency sinusoidal external field on lifetime multicomponent containing non-vol...

A novel liquisolid compact technique was used for soulbility enahncement of poorly water soluble drug carvedilol (CAR). CAR was dissolved in water miscible non volatile solvent and then adsorbed on a solid carrier which was later compacted with other excipient into a tablet. The tablets were characterized with respect to hardness, friability, disintegration and in-vitro dissolution profile. Eff...

An efficient and expedient protocol for the synthesis of benzyl phosphonates using KI/K2CO3 as a catalytic system and PEG-400 as benign solvent has been developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature achieving excellent selectivity and yield of the corresponding products. The combination of PEG-400, KI, and K2CO3 in this reaction avoids the need of volatile/toxic organic solvents...

This paper discusses various aspects of two ink aging methods that analyze ink volatile components, Sequential Extraction Technique (SET) and Solvent Loss Ratio Method (SLRM). Multiple ballpoint ink writings of various ages were tested by the SET and SLRM both before and after the pages bearing the writings were examined for indented writing impressions using an electrostatic detection apparatu...

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of hexanethiolate-protected gold nanoparticles was studied in the presence of volatile organic vapors. The particles were immobilized onto a Au(111) surface that was modified with a hexanethiol self-assembled monolayer. It was found that particle dimensions played a critical role in dictating the STS behaviors in response to exposure to organic vapors, with the o...