mac intyre believes that the history of the western culture and thought is analyzable in two different lines, so that the modern intellect is a free and liberated and thus wandering intellect that has not found its way to a strengthened and dignified thinking, and the pre-modern intellect is a theological one intertwined with excellence and committed to tradition. the pre-modern rational though...

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over seven decades ago, as the result of endeavors of a group of leading literary and scientific figures the farhangestan-e-awwal (first academy of iran) was established in may 1935 and its activity continued until 1953. presented here is a brief historical account of the establishment of the first academy of iran as well as a look at the biographical sketches of physicians at the academy.

It is widely acknowledged that emotion is deeply embedded in literary criticism. Even when we aspire to scientific analysis and objectivity, we assume that we share a love of literature. Loving Literature is a deep and fascinating exploration of this important assumption. Literary critics and professors of literature are expected not only to know but also to love their work. In the case of prof...