Forelimb posture has been a controversial aspect of reconstructing locomotor behaviour in extinct quadrupedal tetrapods. This is partly owing to the qualitative and subjective nature of typical methods, which focus on bony articulations that are often ambiguous and unvalidated postural indicators. Here we outline a new, quantitatively based forelimb posture index that is applicable to a majorit...

Introduction Urban sprawl in developing countries affects future sustainability concerns related to environment, ecology and cropland losses. This study aimed at identifying, classifying quantifying the changes land-use land-cover (LULC) during last two decades (2000–2020) predict decadal pattern for next three (2030–2050), with particular emphasis on urban expense of cultivated land upper Awas...

Cities in China do not constitute a few global metropolises, but are characterized by heterogeneity. Studying counties can give us comprehensive picture of urban sprawl China. This study measured the index 1880 from 2005 to 2020 for first time and then revealed evolution their spatiotemporal characteristics driving mechanisms. The results following. (1) China’s had noticeable sprawling trend 20...

OBJECTIVE Existing research suggests that walkable environments are protective against weight gain, while sprawling neighborhoods may pose health risks. Using prospective data on displaced Hurricane Katrina survivors, we provide the first natural experimental data on sprawl and body mass index (BMI). METHODS The analysis uses prospectively collected pre- (2003-2005) and post-hurricane (2006-2...

•Shoulder mobility and muscle leverage differ in sprawling vs. parasagittal tetrapods•Elevation joint versatility are key to therian posture•Reptiles monotremes both sprawl, but aspects of shoulder function•Results give predictive power for the synapsid sprawling–parasagittal transition The postural shift was a major during evolution, underpinned by reorganization forelimb, considered mammalian...

The paper explores a framework combining remote sensing and spatial metrics aimed at improving the analysis and modeling of urban growth and land use change. While remote sensing data have been used in urban modeling and analysis for some time, the proposed combination of remote sensing and spatial metrics for that purpose is quite novel. Starting with a review of recent developments in each of...

IF Introduction sn IWWW fremner ‘I“ ™onsidered —rithmeti™ progressions on ellipti™ ™urvesF fremner ™onstru™ted ellipti™ ™urves with —rithmeti™ progressions of length UD iFeF r—tion—l points @X; Y A whose XE ™oordin—tes —re in —rithmeti™ progressionF sn — following p—per fremnerD ƒilverm—n —nd „z—n—kis ‘P“ showed th—t — su˜group of the ellipti™ ™urve E@QA with E X Y 2 a X@X 2 n 2 A of r—nk I doe...

Abstract Following the principles of networked city and urban planning, pro-active planning water infrastructure is pertinent for attaining universal access. Ironically, in cities Global South, provision takes form post-settlement networks—where human settlements evolve to steer large-scale network. However, little known about complexities, processes motives, actors involved how they navigate t...