Gemination in loanwords is a cross-linguistically widespread phenomenon: a singleton consonant in the source word is geminated in the loanword, even if the doubling does not have an orthographic reflex (that is, the geminated consonant is spelt with a single consonant letter in the source word). Source languages which these words are borrowed from do not allow phonetic geminates. Some examples ...

The ability of ruminal bacteria to utilize xylooligosaccharides was examined. Xylooligosaccharides were prepared by partially hydrolyzing oat spelt xylan in phosphoric acid. This substrate solution was added (0.2%, wt/vol) to a complex medium containing yeast extract and Trypticase that was inoculated with individual species of ruminal bacteria, and growth and utilization were monitored over ti...

CORRECTION After publication of this work [1] it was noticed that the author name Rachael L. DiSantostefano was not spelt correctly as there was a space in her surname between 'Di' and 'Santostefano'. The publisher apologises for this error.

15 1 Even though Jansen's NetLingo Internet Dictionary postulates the hyphenised spelling of the word email, i.e. " e-mail " , arguing that email is short for " electronic mail " , it will be spelt without a hyphen in this volume for the simple reason that the language of CMC tends to be reduced, so hyphens do not ¿ t in the concept of shortenings. Also, it can be recognised that people tend to...

In this study, 321 winter and spring wheat genotypes were analysed for twelve nutritionally important minerals (B, Cu, Fe, Se, Mg, Zn, Ca, Mn, Mo, P, S and K). Some of the genotypes used were from multiple locations and years, resulting in a total number of 493 samples. Investigated genotypes were divided into six genotype groups i.e., selections, old landraces, primitive wheat, spelt, old cult...