The current unprecedented outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of western Canada has resulted in a landscape consisting of a mosaic of forest stands at different stages of mortality. Within forest stands, understory communities are the reservoir of the majority of plant species diversity and influence the composition of future for...

Foliar fungi of silver birch (Betula pendula) in an experimental Finnish forest were investigated across a gradient of tree species richness using molecular high-throughput sequencing and visual macroscopic assessment. We hypothesized that the molecular approach detects more fungal taxa than visual assessment, and that there is a relationship among the most common fungal taxa detected by both t...

Urbanization brings biophysical changes in the composition of the landscape. Such change has an impact on the thermal environment locally. The urban mosaic of land use and land cover is thus characteristically composed of local climate zones. The spatial variation in the land surface temperature across specific zone is studied for Bhopal city. The objective of the study was to understand how th...

Extended top-down tree transducers (transducteurs g en eralis es descendants [Arnold, Dauchet: Bi-transductions de forêts. ICALP'76. Edinburgh University Press. 1976]) received renewed interest in the eld of Natural Language Processing. Here those transducers are extensively and systematically studied. Their main properties are identi ed and their relation to classical top-down tree transducers...

Plant characteristics in different provenances within a single species may vary in response to climate change, which might alter soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions. We conducted a glasshouse experiment and grew seedlings of three provenances (temperate, subtropical and tropical origins) of a tree species (i.e., Eucalyptus tereticornis) at different growth temperatures (18, 21.5,...

The composition tree of a given function, when it exists, provides a representation of the function revealing all possible disjunctive decompositions, thereby suggesting a realization of the function at a minimal cost. Previously and independently, the authors had studied the class of multiplevalued functions that are fully sensitive to their variables. These functions are useful for test gener...

We describe an algorithm to compute a composition tree for a matrix group defined over a finite field, and show how to use the associated structure to carry out computations with such groups; these include finding composition and chief series, the soluble radical, and Sylow subgroups.

The expressive power of synchronous forest (tree-sequence) substitution grammars (SFSG) is studied in relation to multi bottom-up tree transducers (MBOT). It is proved that SFSG have exactly the same expressive power as compositions of an inverse MBOT with an MBOT. This result is used to derive complexity results for SFSG and the fact that compositions of an MBOT with an inverse MBOT can comput...

Quasi-alphabetic tree bimorphisms [Steinby and Tîrn uc : Syntax-Directed Translations and Quasi-Alphabetic Tree Bimorphisms. Proc. CIAA, LNCS 4783:265 276, 2007] are reconsidered. It is known that the class of (string) translations de ned by such bimorphisms coincides with the class of syntax-directed translations. This result is extended to a smaller class of tree bimorphisms namely (linear an...