We report a numerical study of SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the minimal Coulomb gauge at β = 2.2 and 9 different volumes. After extrapolation to infinite volume, our fit agrees with a lattice discretization of Gribov’s formula for the transverse equal-time would-be physical gluon propagator, that vanishes like |k| at k = 0, whereas the free equal-time propagator (2|k|) diverges. Our fit lends ...

We employ time reversal for deep subwavelength focusing in plasmonic periodic nanostructures. The strong anisotropy enables propagating modes with very large transverse wave vector and moderate propagation constant, facilitating transformation of diffraction-limited plane waves to high-K Bloch waves in the plasmonic nanostructure. Time reversal is used to excite the waves in the nanostructure a...

The control of lateral mode operation using a photonic crystal in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser ~VCSEL! is analyzed and confirmed experimentally. By controlling design parameters of the photonic crystal pattern, we have produced photonic crystal VCSELs that operate in higher order defect modes in addition to the fundamental defect mode. The transverse modal behavior is consistent wit...

We investigate the first sound of a normal dilute and ultracold two-component Fermi gas in a harmonic microtube, i.e. a cylinder with harmonic transverse radial confinement in the length-scale of microns. We show that the velocity of the sound that propagates along the axial direction strongly depends on the dimensionality of the system. In particular, we predict that the first-sound velocity d...

We present a collation of the available data on the opening angles of jets in X-ray binaries, which in most cases are small (10 •). Under the assumption of no confinement , we calculate the Lorentz factors required to produce such small opening angles via the transverse relativistic Doppler effect. The derived Lorentz factors, which are in most cases lower limits, are found to be large, with a ...

To probe the complexity of the cell membrane organization and dynamics, it is important to obtain simple physical observables from experiments on live cells. Here we show that fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements at different spatial scales enable distinguishing between different submicron confinement models. By plotting the diffusion time versus the transverse area of the c...

Received: November 11, 2016 Revised: January 26, 2017 Accepted: February 10, 2017 Abstract: Introduction: Square reinforced concrete (RC) columns with the confinement effect of transverse reinforcement perform well in ductility and have been used widely in RC structures. Its behavior is the classic topic of anti-seismic and anti-collapse analysis of RC structures. With the advancement of the fi...

The light-cone Hamiltonian is derived from the general gauge – and Lorentz – invariant expression for the qq̄ Green’s function, containing confinement via the area law for the Wilson loop. The resulting Hamiltonian contains in a nonadditive way contributions from quark and string degrees of freedom. Different limiting dynamical regimes of the system of quarks connected by the string are found. I...

We investigated compression and ensuing expansion of long DNA molecules confined in nanochannels. Transverse confinement of DNA molecules in the nanofluidic channels leads to elongation of their unconstrained equilibrium configuration. The extended molecules were compressed by electrophoretically driving them into porelike constrictions inside the nanochannels. When the electric field was turne...

We report a numerical study of SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the minimal Coulomb gauge at β = 2.2 and 9 different volumes. After extrapolation to infinite volume, our fit agrees with a lattice discretization of Gribov’s formula for the transverse equal-time wouldbe physical gluon propagator, that vanishes like |k| at k = 0, whereas the free equal-time propagator (2|k|) diverges. Our fit lends r...