Dr. Izbicki and colleagues1 are to be congratulated on their report of 26 patients with “sarcoid-like” granulomatous pulmonary disease (SLGPD) in Fire Department of New York (FDNY) World Trade Center (WTC) rescue workers. This adds to their previous descriptions of “WTC cough,” persistent airway hyperreactivity, and accelerated decline in lung function that have provided the largest share of th...

Dr. Izbicki and colleagues1 are to be congratulated on their report of 26 patients with “sarcoid-like” granulomatous pulmonary disease (SLGPD) in Fire Department of New York (FDNY) World Trade Center (WTC) rescue workers. This adds to their previous descriptions of “WTC cough,” persistent airway hyperreactivity, and accelerated decline in lung function that have provided the largest share of th...

Dr. Izbicki and colleagues1 are to be congratulated on their report of 26 patients with “sarcoid-like” granulomatous pulmonary disease (SLGPD) in Fire Department of New York (FDNY) World Trade Center (WTC) rescue workers. This adds to their previous descriptions of “WTC cough,” persistent airway hyperreactivity, and accelerated decline in lung function that have provided the largest share of th...

BACKGROUND Natural disasters have severe impacts on the health and well-being of affected households. However, we find evidence that official damage cost assessments for floods and other natural disasters in Vietnam, where households have little or no insurance, clearly underestimate the total economic damage costs of these events as they do not include the welfare loss from mortality, morbidit...

BACKGROUND Respiratory symptoms, either newly reported after the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on 11 September 2001 (9/11) or increased in severity, have been well documented in WTC-exposed workers and New York City residents. However, considerable uncertainty exists over the persistence of symptoms. OBJECTIVES In this study, our goals were to describe trends in post-9/11 respiratory and ...

Speaking is deemed by many scholars as a fundamental skill in second language (L2) learning. From the myriad of factors playing a role in willingness to communicate (WTC) in a foreign language, communication apprehension and self-perceived competence have attracted a good deal of interest in recent decades. Furthermore, it is generally agreed that cooperative teaching can enhance learners' ling...

Speaking is deemed by many scholars as a fundamental skill in second language (L2) learning. From the myriad of factors playing a role in willingness to communicate (WTC) in a foreign language, communication apprehension and self-perceived competence have attracted a good deal of interest in recent decades. Furthermore, it is generally agreed that cooperative teaching can enhance learners' ling...

The main goal of modern second language (L2) pedagogy is to engender appropriate communication skills among its learners. Hence, willingness communicate (WTC) in L2 emerged as an important variable recent years. Several factors have been found influence students’ WTC directly or indirectly. For this purpose, many scales and questionnaires developed so far examine the influencing students. Howev...

Several epidemiological studies suggested an increased incidence rate of multiple myeloma (MM) among first responders and other individuals who exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust. In this report, we provided evidence showing that WTC dust is potent in inducing mdig protein and/or mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells, B cells and MM cell lines. An increased mdig expression in MM bone marrow ...

The attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001 resulted in a serious burden of physical and mental illness for the 50,000 rescue workers that responded to 9/11 as well as the 400,000 residents and workers in the surrounding areas of New York City. The Zadroga Act of 2010 established the WTC Health Program (WTCHP) to provide monitoring and treatment of WTC exposure-related con...