We introduce and axiomatize a one-parameter class of individual deprivation measures. Motivated by a suggestion of Runciman, we modify Yitzhaki’s index by multiplying it by a function that is interpreted as measuring the part of deprivation generated by an agent’s observation that others in its reference group move on to a higher level of income than itself. The parameter reflects the relative ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation is believed to worsen obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We assessed the effect of acute sleep deprivation on polysomnography in a cohort of subjects with mild OSA and a cohort of subjects without OSA. DESIGN Crossover study in which subjects initially had polysomnography after a normal night's sleep or after 36 hours of sleep deprivation, followed by a 2- to 4-...

OBJECTIVES To study census-tract distribution of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis mortality in the Madrid Region and its association with socio-economic deprivation. METHODS Cross-sectional, ecological (3906 census-tract) study, using mortality data for 1996-2003 and a deprivation index drawn up on the basis of 2001 census data. Standardised mortality ratios were calculated taking Spanish ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following recent reports of increased numbers of adolescents being diagnosed with the adult or type 2 form of diabetes we aimed to describe the prevalence of both type 2 and other forms of diabetes in an urban population of children and young people in northern England. METHODS A hospital based cross sectional study was performed in patients aged < or =30 years attending d...

Abstract In this study, we investigate the relationship between individual and neighbourhood deprivation decision to vote for Brexit in 2016 referendum. Our analysis uses data from UK Household Longitudinal Study English Index of Multiple Deprivation, employs multilevel models account individual-level deprivation, larger-scale regional deprivation. We also examine interaction these scales. On a...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether there are important differences in performance between group practices and singlehanded general practitioners and the extent to which any differences are explained by practice characteristics such as deprivation. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. SETTING 206 singlehanded practices and 606 partnerships in Trent region, United Kingdom. METHOD Comparison of proce...

BACKGROUND Obesity is a significant public health issue. Obese children have an increased risk of developing chronic adult diseases. Knowledge of socio-economic distribution trends in childhood overweight/obesity is limited. METHODS Body mass indices for 3-year-old children resident in three South Wales localities from 1995 to 2005 were derived from the National Community Child Health Databas...

The New World tropics represents the most diverse region for tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae), but it also contains the most narrowly defined, and possibly the most confusing, tachinid genera of any biogeographic region. This over-splitting of genera and taxonomic confusion has limited progress toward our understanding the family in this region and much work is needed to revise, redef...