A paradoxical embolism is defined as a systemic arterial embolism requiring the passage of a venous thrombus into the arterial circulatory system through a right-to-left shunt, and is commonly related to patent foramen ovale (PFO). However, coexisting pulmonary embolisms, deep vein thromboses (DVT), and multipe systemic arterial embolisms, associated with PFO, are rare. Here, we report a patien...

M OTZ. AND HIS COLLEAGUES ADDRESS AN OLD, but still important problem, namely spontaneous occlusion of systemic-topulmonary arterial shunts. With the current emphasis on neonatal repair, as opposed to staging operations, the focus of this discussion has shifted from tetralogy of Fallot and its related lesions to hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Patients undergoing the Norwood operation now comp...

Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction is associated with the gradual development of venous collaterals. We present a rare form of systemic-to-pulmonary subpleural collateral pathway that developed in the bridging subpleural pulmonary veins in a 54-year-old woman with complete SVC obstruction. This uncommon collateral pathway represents a rare form of acquired right-to-left shunt due to previous ...

Extrinsic compression of airways is one the most important causes of respiratory insufficiency in the perioperative period in children with congenital heart disease. This is especially true of pathologies that involve surgery of the aortic arch or conduit replacement of the right ventricular outflow tract. However bronchial obstruction is uncommon in the setting of bidirectional cavopulmonary s...

or atresia. Seventy-one per cent of the infant group and 90% of patients over 1 year of age were long-term survivors (up to 6 years). Tetralogy of Fallot was the most commonly encountered anomaly in all 141 patients (66%); transposition of the great vessels and pulmonary stenosis occurred in 18%; and tricuspid atresia with pulmonary stenosis in 10%. The presence of an excessively large shunt an...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to observe the changes of hemodynamics, stereology in pulmonary vascular remodeling and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of transforming growth factor beta 1, and receptors in carotid artery-jugular vein (CA-JV) shunt pulmonary artery hypertension model of rats. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: CA-JV group, mo...