Normally there is a balance between the protective factors (e.g. mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandins, nitric oxide and normal blood flow) and aggressive factors (e.g. acid plus pepsin, active oxidants, leukotrienes, endothelins, bile or exogenous factors including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Peptic ulcer develops when aggressive factors overcome the protective mechanisms (Borrelli & I...

background and aim: oral mucosal lesions have various prevalence rates among different populations. few studies have evaluated the frequency of oral mucosal lesions in iranian population. this study aimed to determine the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and the related factors.                        materials and methods: this descriptive study was conducted based on the data in the archives...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles in intestinal homeostasis. ROS are natural by-products of cell metabolism. They produced response to infection or injury at the mucosal level as they involved antimicrobial responses and wound healing. also critical secondary messengers, regulating several pathways, including growth differentiation. On other hand, excessive levels lead oxidativ...

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) form a physiochemical barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the host's internal milieu and is critical for electrolyte passage, nutrient absorption, and interaction with commensal microbiota. Moreover, IECs are strongly involved in the intestinal mucosal inflammatory response as well as in mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses. Cell death in ...

Background and Objectives: The etiology, pathophysiology, nomenclature and clinical manifes-tation of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is poorly understood. Aim: To examine the pathology of mucosal changes and clinical features of this syndrome. Materials and Methods: The mucosal biopsies of 19 pati...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes involved in protecting cells from the damaging effects of ROS. ROS are produced in response to ultraviolet radiation, cigarette smoking, alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ischemia-reperfusion injury, chronic i...

Gastric ulcer is one of the most common diseases gastrointestinal system and some its complications are main causes morbidity mortality. Bromelain (BRM), a sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme, has multiple activities in many areas medicine as an antioxidant anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, it was aimed to investigate oxidative stress-mediated therapeutic effect BRM gastric model induced by ind...

The quest for therapies based on molecular genetics (pharmacogenomics, DNA microarrays, etc.) drives pharmaceutical research into individual diseases of old age, but has failed to deliver an unequivocal clinical breakthrough. Attempts to treat most age-related diseases using antioxidant supplements have been equally disappointing, despite the clear benefits of a healthy diet. The double-agent t...