Crimea and the start of the undeclared and still unfinished war in eastern Ukraine has resulted in a new, Cold War– like division of Europe. On one side of the divide are the security, political, and economic structures of NATO and the EU with their capital in Brussels. On the other side is Russia. Left between them are several countries in Eastern Europe: Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. All of ...

The launch of the Soviet “sputnik” satell i te in October 1957 shocked the world and propelled the rhetoric and the real i t ies of the cold war into the space age. At the same time, the Soviet feat ra ised the threat of mass dest ruct ion f rom space and served as the basis for s trategists to argue for a means to shoot down enemy satel l i tes . Although the arguments used to just i fy the ne...

F OLLOWING THE APRIL 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor, the Soviet government evacuated 135,000 people living in the immediate vicinity of the plant, mobilized workers to clean up the site and surrounding areas, and called on outside governments and organizations to render medical aid and help in the assessment of health effects related to radiation exposure. A series of contacts ...

S pace nuclear power is a doubleedged sword. Although it has played a constructive role in the exploration of space and could continue to do so, it has been burdened by an extensive history of aCCidents and failures, both Soviet and American. Numerous nuclear-powered spacecraft have released radioactive materials. Spent reactors now in Earth orbit exacerbate the threat posed by orbital debris. ...

Gender changes in the workplace during the transition from central planning are analyzed using household survey data from the Kyrgyz Republic. As the labor market became more market-driven between 1993 and 1997, mean differences by gender in labor force participation (LFP), monthly compensation and hourly wage all narrowed. We also observe gender differences in educational attainment, labor for...

If two states are engaged in an arms race, then we expect to find their armament levels moving together over time in equilibrium. Such a “moving equilibrium” in US and Soviet armament levels -or cointegration, in econometric parlance -represents a commonsense understanding of the superpower arms race. Most empirical investigations have started with this commonsense understanding and have sought...

298 words) Hospital reform in post-soviet countries: the case of Ukraine and Moldova We can observe nowadays all over the world private companies providing health care services: hospital design, medical equipment, management and consulting. Since 1990, postsoviet states, such as Ukraine and Moldova, have gone through a process of reform of their health care systems. These countries represent a ...

the leaders of the soviet :union: adopted atheist and anti-religious policies toward muslim nations during decades of ruling over central asia; the polices that posed a threat to the existence of muslims. following the outbreak of second world war, the government of the soviet :union: was forced to revise its hostile policies toward muslims and establish muslim religious department also known a...

iran's relation with one of the largest countries, that is, russia (the soviet :union:) has under gone many changes. one of the brilliant examples of the changing policies of russia towards iran is, no doubt, the years 1941 to 1953. in this period, most of graceful communist parties' rise and fall is making relations between iran and russia. tudeh party, ferghe democrate azerbaijan an...

The article is dedicated to the philosophy of science which was developed by the outstanding Soviet physicist and leader of a powerful scientific community, L.I. Mandelstam. It is shown that this philosophy can be summed up under the heading “operationalism.” Its comparison with the paradigmatic operationalism of Percy Bridgman is undertaken and its German positivist roots are indicated. 1. Pre...