today’s tissue engineering is an important and interested method to treatment of  bone lesions so tissue engineering specialists and orthopedic surgeons are forced to serve as a safe alternative to current methods.the introduction ofa scaffoldthathas thebestefficiencyisamajor challengeto scientistsand researchersin this field.the aim ofthisstudy is to investigatethe polyaniline(pani) influence ...

introduction: multiple sclerosis (ms) has been recognized as a common neurodegenerative disease that occurs after an auto reactive t cells against myelin antigens.  demyelination and inflammation are the main features of this disease. the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bm-mscs) have been considered as a suitable treatment against autoi...

several sources were introduced for cell therapy after neurotrauma. there are some evidences that quiescent stem cells are located in the various regions of the adult mammalian brain including cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum. but more study is needed to identify the characteristics of these cells. in the present study we investigated the possibility of isolating neural stem cells fro...

in worldwide, an estimated 40 cases per 1 million people reported with new spinal cord injuries each year. people with spinal cord injuries suffer from severe physical, psychological, social and economic problems. damaged or lost cells can't be replaced when the spinal cord is injured; therefore, its function becomes disturbed permanently. despite the significant advances in the understand...

Background Chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN)  is one of the most common causes of chronic and end stage renal disease. It  is defined with Mainly tubular atrophy and  interstitial fibrosis and no evidence of any other etiology, or functional disorder that caused at least three months after transplantation . Control of risk factors (HTN,DM,HLP, …) and limiting  usage of calcineurin inhibitors...

Forkhead genes are functionally diverse and several have been linked to human disease. A previous screen for forkhead genes identified the family member FOXS1. To characterize the function of this gene, we produced a mouse model in which the Foxs1 gene was replaced by a lacZ marker allele. During embryogenesis, Foxs1 was most prominently expressed in peripheral sensory neurons and cerebellum, w...

intestinal stem cells (iscs) are a group of rare cells located in the intestinal crypts which are responsible for the maintenance of the intestinal homeostasis and intestinal regeneration following injury or inflammation. lineage tracing experiments in mice have proven that iscs can repopulate the entire intestinal crypt. it is noteworthy that in such experiments, only a subset of intestinal cr...

background & aim: low back pain is broadly documented as one of the most widespread pathologies in the advanced domain. although the reasons of low back pain are uncountable, it has been meaningfully related to intervertebral disc degeneration. present therapies for intervertebral disc (ivd) degeneration such as physical therapy and spinal fusion reduce symptoms' severity, but do not treat the ...

The b2 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase displays functional properties of both an integral constituent of an ion pump and an adhesion and neurite outgrowth-promoting molecule in vitro. To investigate whether the b1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase can functionally substitute for the b2 isoform in vivo, we have generated b2/b1 knock-in mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. In b2/b1 knock...

stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. they are found in multicellular organisms. in mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. in ad...