Introduction: Internal jugular vein ectasia is a condition in which there is a dilatation of the internal jugular vein. A patient usually presents in the first decade with swelling in the neck, which aggravates in size while straining or coughing. This is a very rare condition and the chances of misdiagnosis are quite high. It is diagnosed by proper history taking, examination, and radiol...

a 30-year-old female with end-stage renal disease was a candidate for dual lumen catheter placement. after catheter insertion, o2 saturation measurement of the aspirated blood from the catheter was similar to that of arterial blood. they referred the patient to our hospital after 48 hours. diagnostic procedures revealed that the tip of the catheter had entered the pleural cavity. catheter remov...

uncontrolled hypertension is well- known to give rise to systemic complications involving multiple central organs. artherosclerosis leads to damage of the retinal vessels wall, contributing to venous stasis, thrombosis and finally, occlusion. retinal vein occlusions compromise vision through development of ischaemic maculopathy, macular oedema, and rubeotic glaucoma. laser photocoagulation rema...

central retinal vein occlusion (crvo) is the third most common blinding vascular retinal disorder. as there is no proven treatment for crvo, we performed this study to evaluate the effectiveness of radial optic neurotomy (ron) on visual acuity in eyes with crvo. this study was designed as an interventional case series. pars plana vitrectomy with ron was performed in 18 eyes of 16 patients with ...

introduction deep vein thrombosis is one of the most important complications in patients with spinal cord injury. this study compares the effects of mechanical prophylaxis with or without pharmacological prophylaxis on prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury. materials and methods we conducted a double blind clinical trial study with 75 cases. these patients were ...

introduction: the main inhibitors of coagulation pathway are antithrombin (at), protein c and protein s. these inhibitors are necessary to prevent thromboembolism. hereditary deficiency of inhibitors is the main cause of alteration in balance between the anti-clotting and the formation of thrombin. patients with this abnormality are susceptible to venous thromboembolism (vte). two major clinica...

central venous catheterization (cvc) is a commonly performed procedure for venous access. it is associated with several complications. we report a rare case of extra luminal entrapment of guide wire during cvc placement in right jugular vein. we report a case of 28 years old female patient presented in our emergency with history of entrapped guide wire in right side of neck during cvc. x-ray sh...

background budd-chiari syndrome (bcs) is defined as hepatic venous outflow obstruction (hvoo). bcs is an uncommon, life-threatening liver disorder. this study describes the clinical and etiological characteristics in addition to the long-term outcome of bcs in a single referral center in tehran, iran. methods we reviewed long-term outcome of patients who were diagnosed with bcs between 1989 and...

background portal vein thrombosis (pvt) is one of the most common causes of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children, which may follow neonatal umbilical vein catheterization. the incidence rates of catheter-related pvt, in infants and children vary in different studies. this study aimed to determine pvt incidence in the children under 3 years old with a history of neonatal umbilical vein c...

Abstract Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) are the causal agents of most important diseases of citrus. Previously we reported a novel variant of HSVd that constantly associated with the yellow corky vein disease. Here, 19 individual citrus leaves with yellow corky vein symptoms were sampled for CTV by ELISA. In this study, most symptomatic samples were found to be inf...