One hundred and sixty patients have been examined with the flexible gastroduodenoscope. Passage of this instrument is easier than of the conventional gastroscope, and the stomach can be examined down to the pyloric canal and pylorus. Duodenoscopy is sometimes possible but some modification is required in order to guarantee success. Examination of a gastrojejunal stoma is practically always poss...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epiphora, or tearing due to primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO), is increasingly being treated with balloon dilatation. The cause of PANDO is unknown, but a small diameter of the bony nasolacrimal canal might be one of the etiologic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the normal distribution of diameters of the bony canal and to ascertai...

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in newborns is the one of most frequent causes vomiting that required surgery. During long period time, X-ray was main method for confirming diagnosis HPS, however after first reports about possibilities ultrasonography (US), this widely applied clinical practice. Purpose - to summarize own experience US applying diagnostic HPS; determining advantages and dis...

A 55-year-old male presented with a nine-month history of gradually enlarging, painless mass in the right external auditory canal associated with hearing loss and occasional bleeding. Examination demonstrated complete obstruction of the outer 1/3 of the external auditory canal by a firm, pink, rubbery mass. CT scan of the temporal bone showed tumor mass with no evidence of bone destruction. The...

Background: Hematometra is an uncommon disorder that can be caused by congenital or acquired structural obstruction of the cervical canal. Acquired cervical stenosis can develop due to surgical procedures performed on the uterus or cervix. Common symptoms associated with this disorder include amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea in premenopausal women, pelvic pain or pressure, urinary frequency and reten...

The majority of patients with small bowel diverticula are asymptomatic, however, associated complications include inflammation, intestinal obstruction, perforation and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Bladder divertulae are uncommon and can herniate into the femoral or inguinal canal as well as the scrotum. We report the case of an elderly lady who underwent laparotomy for an incarcerated femoral ...

It is with this premise that I set out the remarks in this paper. In order to treat cases of lachrymal obstruction efficiently we must determine accurately the cause of its occurrence. Glancing first of all at the anatomical relations and structure of the canal, we find it lying first in soft tissues and then later surrounded by an unyielding bony canal. Physiologically the canal can be divided...

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), characterized by enlarged pyloric musculature and gastric-outlet obstruction, is associated with altered expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Here we have studied molecular mechanisms by which nNOS gene expression is altered in pyloric tissues of 16 infants with IHPS and 9 controls. A significant decreased expression of total nNOS ...

The separated instrument particularly a broken file leads to metallic obstruction, in the root canal and blocks thorough cleaning and shaping procedure. When attempts of bypassing such a fragment go in vain, it should be retrieved by mechanical devices. Masserann Kit is one such device for orthograde removal of intracanal metallic obstructions. This clinical case demonstrates usage of Masserann...