In obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play a key role in mediating proinflammatory responses in the adipose tissue, which are associated with obesity-related metabolic complications. Recently, adipose tissue hypoxia has been implicated in the regulation of ATMs in obesity. However, the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α, one of the major transcription factors induced by hypoxia, ...

To examine the association between self-perceived pain (SPP), clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters, biomarker levels among smokers never with without peri-implantitis. Sixty individuals (20 peri-implantitis [group-1], 20 [group-2] [control-group]) were included. SPP was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NPRS). Peri-implant plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on (B...

introduction: immune system is involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of inflammation and vitamins are important sources of substances inducing nonspecific immunomodulatory effects. given the proinflammatory role of cytokines in the inflammation and pain induction, this study aimed to assess the effects of long-term administration of vitamin b1 on the proinflammatory cytokines, edema, and...

Using macrophages from lipin-1-deficient animals and human macrophages deficient in the enzyme, we have found that this phosphatase acts as a proinflammatory mediator during TLR signaling and during the development of in vivo inflammatory processes. After TLR4 stimulation lipin-1 deficient macrophages showed a decreased production of diacylglycerol, activation of mitogenactivated protein kinase...

Patients with unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have persistently elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs and circulation and increased rates of bacterial infections. Phagocytic cells hyperactivated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces high levels of proinflammatory cytokines in monocytic cells, are inefficient in killing ingested bacteria despite ...

Cell therapy with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is an emerging therapeutic option to promote angiogenesis or endothelial repair. Although the release of angiogenic paracrine factors is known to contribute to their therapeutic effect, little is known about their release of proinflammatory factors and expression of proinflammatory adhesion molecules. "Early" EPCs and "late" EPCs were isolat...

BACKGROUND Ethanol (EtOH) consumption leads to an increase of proinflammatory signaling via activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) such as TLR3 and TLR4 that leads to kinase activation (ERK1/2, p38, TBK1), transcription factor activation (NFκB, IRF3), and increased transcription of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. This immune signaling cascade is thought to play a rol...

BACKGROUND Although previous studies have examined the effects of acute hemodynamic pressure overload on proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, the effects of sustained hemodynamic overloading have not been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS Sustained hemodynamic pressure overloading was produced in mice by transverse constriction of the aorta. Proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gen...

The aging population is increasing dramatically. Aging-associated stress simultaneously drives proinflammatory remodeling, involving angiotensin II and other factors, in both the heart and large arteries. The structural remodeling and functional changes that occur with aging include cardiac and vascular wall stiffening, systolic hypertension and suboptimal ventricular-arterial coupling, feature...

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is associated with activation of systemic and cellular inflammation, as well as proinflammatory transcriptional profiles in circulating leukocytes. Whether treatments that target insomnia-related complaints might reverse these markers of inflammation in older adults with insomnia is not known. METHODS In this randomized trial, 123 older adults with insomnia were r...