Extensive research demonstrates that war casualties depress incumbent popularity. The present study argues that analyses of the political costs of warfare should also account for the financial toll of wars since a) financial costs of wars are substantial, b) these costs are publicly observed and understood and c) fiscal policy affects incumbents' approval ratings. Empirical evidence based on US...

Who would you choose to write a book about the history of the Math Wars, a topic surely familiar by now to almost all readers of the Notices (if not, see [1])? A mathematics educator? Probably not, since most such are biased toward the progressive school of mathematics education. A mathematician? Again, probably not, since most of them are avid exponents of the traditional view of mathematics e...

To the Editor: The increased rate of leukemia in several Iraqi cities has been linked to exposure to depleted uranium, which was used during the consequent wars in Iraq from 1990 to 2010.[1‐4] Here, we investigated leukemia occurrence in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate (SG), which has been exposed to wars and crises at the same level as the rest of Iraq.[5] To the best of our knowledge, this study...

Star Wars is well known, timeless, universal, and incorporated into shared culture. Trainees have grown up with the movies, and based on their enduring popularity, attending psychiatrists are likely to have seen them too. This article highlights psychopathology from the Dark Side of Star Wars films which can be used in teaching. These include as follows: borderline and narcissistic personality ...

Lithuanian physical anthropology developed quite changably, having its ups and dawns, connected with the history of the country: wars, the periods of occupation and independence. The history of Lithuanian anthropology can be divided into following periods: initial (the 1st half of the 19th c.), until independence of Republic of Lithuania (the 2nd half of the 19th c. and the beginning of the 20t...

Politicians in the United States have invoked the term “war” to develop national support for an all-out attack on criminal behavior on at least three separate occasions since World War II: the wars on crime, drugs, and terrorism. In each case, the word has been used as a metaphor to underscore the conviction that society is involved in a pitched battle and that there is no room for acquiescence...

BACKGROUND It is widely known that more boys are born during and immediately after wars, but there has not been any ultimate (evolutionary) explanation for this 'returning soldier effect'. Here, I suggest that the higher sex ratios during and immediately after wars might be a byproduct of the fact that taller soldiers are more likely to survive battle and that taller parents are more likely to ...

Though the majority of physicists would probably not support preemptive wars, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction would not exist without their contributions. Einstein’s anti-militaristic position has been well-documented and the present essay recalls the role of some contemporary and past physicists on this issue. The idea that the rationality of scientific thought is a reliable anti...

Genocide is different from civil war: it usually involves deaths on a much larger scale and targets particular groups – mostly civilians often with the aim of exterminating them. The violence is one-sided, and, fortunately, genocides are much rarer than civil wars. Although with genocide, as with civil wars, it is possible to identify underlying political and economic patterns that make genocid...

We study countries choosing armament levels and then whether or not to go to war. We show that if the costs of war are not overly high or low, then all equilibria must involve dove, hawk, and deterrent strategies and the probability of war is positive (but less than one) in any given period. Wars are between countries with differing armament levels and the frequency of wars is tempered by the p...