Background: In biorefineries, various pretreatments traditionally employ hazardous chemicals (ammonia, sulfuric acid, sulfite, etc.) for opening the softwood structure and to facilitate easy accessibility of the cellulose for further downstream processing. The resultant lignin (known as technical lignin) after extraction of the carbohydrate fraction as sugars has been either burned as fuel or u...

Pretreatment with the addition of metals to anaerobic digestion in biogas production is crucial address improper degradation organic compounds low methane production. Biogas from a combination cassava pulp and wastewater batch system under variation alkaline heat conditions as pretreatment was investigated zero-valent iron (ZVI) after pretreatment. It found that at pH 10 100 °C for 30 min combi...

The study aimed to investigate the effect of surface pretreatment on corrosion protection aluminum alloy 7075-T6 in sodium chloride solution using cerium acetate as a inhibitor. Different pretreatments were tested: (i) mechanical grinding, (ii) grinding and non-water diamond polishing, (iii) alkaline etching with NaOH acid desmutting, (iv) cleaning commercial SurTec cleaner desmutting. Topograp...

Microbial pretreatments have been identified as a compatible and sustainable process with anaerobic digestion compared to energy-intensive physicochemical pretreatments. In this study, barley straw hay co-substrate was pretreated microaerobic straw-adapted microbial (BSAM) consortium prior digestion. The improved digestibility investigated through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, counts C:N ratios. BS...

BACKGROUND Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly plant cell walls) is a critical process for biofuel production. This process is greatly hindered by the natural complexity of plant cell walls and limited accessibility of surface cellulose by enzymes. Little is known about the plant cell wall structural and molecular level component changes after pretreatments, especially on th...

BACKGROUND Wheat straw forms an important, reliable source of lignocellulosic biomass for use in second-generation ethanol production. However, there is limited understanding of the variation in quality of straw from current breeding cultivars, and studies on such variation have generally employed suboptimal pretreatments. There is also a degree of confusion regarding phenotypic characteristics...

In this double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled, randomized study, two groups of eight healthy male volunteers were challenged with endotoxin (4 ng/kg) on two occasions, once in conjunction with placebo and once with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 5 microg/kg). In group 1, G-CSF was administered intravenously 2 hours before endotoxin challenge; in group 2, G-CSF was administ...

As one of the most efficient methods for waste management and sustainable energy production, anaerobic digestion (AD) countenances difficulties in hydrolysis lignocelluloses biomass. Different pretreatment have been applied to make readily biodegradable by microorganisms. These pretreatments can affect biogas yield different mechanisms at molecular scale, including changes chemical composition,...