We propose multi-player frameworks that mitigate decision-theoretical difficulties with the traditional normal-form game, where players are concerned with expected utility functions of their payoffs. We react to Allais’s [1] paradox by concerning players with potentially nonlinear functionals of the payoff distributions they encounter. To counter Ellsberg’s [12] paradox, we let players optimize...

objective: to classify different types of acute leukemia based on cooperative game theory and shapley value. materials and methods: in this study, patients data were collected from flow cytometry tests of the iran blood transfusion organization (ibto) have been used. 304 different diagnosed samples in 8 classes of acute leukemia were investigated. samples were initially in numerical format. i...

One of the most problematic areas for teachers and learners in English classrooms is prepositions. Two types of prepositions in English are spatial (space) and temporal (time) prepositions. Prepositions are words linking two entities and thereby specifying the relation of the two. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of games and flash cards in learning place and time prep...

We design and analyze minimax-optimal algorithms for online linear optimization games where the player’s choice is unconstrained. The player strives to minimize regret, the difference between his loss and the loss of a post-hoc benchmark strategy. While the standard benchmark is the loss of the best strategy chosen from a bounded comparator set, we consider a very broad range of benchmark funct...

It has been argued that there is still much to be understood about the game-play experience, while there is a need for more rigorous examination of how players interact with games and the sorts of thinking they engage in during play. This paper introduces a set of methods developed to explore these issues via a multiple case-study approach. This included game-play observation, cued post-play in...

Two studies were conducted to determine if playing a video game that emphasized the body would increase negative body-image. Both studies [study 1 (N=51); college-aged males from the Midwestern USA; and study 2 (N=32); college-aged females from the Midwestern USA] had participants complete body image measures, play a video game that displayed muscular or thin characters for 15 min, and then com...