Abstract This study aimed to explore healthy, term neonates’ behavioural and physiological responses music using frame-by-frame analysis of their movements (Experiment 1; N = 32, 0–3 days old) heart rate measurements 2; 66, 0–6 old). A ‘happy’ ‘sad’ was first validated by independent raters for emotional content from a large pool children’s songs lullabies, the effect emotions in these two piec...