The nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation in a self-defocusing Kerr medium supports dark solitons. Moreover the mean field description of a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which for a highly anisotropic (cigar-shaped) magnetic trap reduces to a one-dimensional (1D) cubic NLS in an external potential. A quantum lattice algorithm is developed fo...

In a space-time of two dimensions the overall effect of the collision of two solitons is a time delay (or advance) of their final trajectories relative to their initial trajectories. For the solitons of affine Toda field theories, the space-time displacement of the trajectories is proportional to the logarithm of a number X depending only on the species of the colliding solitons and their rapid...

The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili II (KPII) equation admits a large variety of multi-soliton solutions which exhibit both elastic as well as inelastic types of interactions. This work investigates a general class of multi-solitons which were not previously studied, and which do not in general conserve the number of line solitons after interaction. The incoming and outgoing line solitons for these solu...

In the Affleck-Dine mechanism of baryogenesis, non-topological solitons called Q-balls can be formed. In this work we propose that such Q-balls decay during the BBN era and study the cosmological consequence of such late decays. We find that the late-decaying baryonic Q-balls with lifetime of about 10s can provide a new developing mechanism for the BBN through a rolling baryonto-photon ratio η,...

A decade of measuring ultrashort pulses. Induced modulation instability and recurrence in nematic liquid crystals. Impact of nonlocal interactions in dissipative systems : Towards minimal-sized localized structures. Tailoring the phase-matching function for ultrashort pulse characterization by spectral shearing interferometry.sar. Photon pair source based on parametric fluorescence in periodica...

The existence of ring-like and knotted solitons in O(3) non-linear σ model is analysed. The role of isotopy of knots/links in classifying such solitons is pointed out. Appearance of torus knot solitons is seen. †[email protected]; [email protected] †† permanent address Introduction: Recently the possible existence of knotlike solitons in nonlinear field theories has been argued[1, 2]. ...

The redistribution of conserved quantities among colliding solitons of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is considered. An analogy with the theory of spatial solitons in nonlinear optics provides one way to calculate this redistribution. In this context, exchanges of conserved quantities among N colliding solitons can be completely described from a knowledge of the case for N ­ 2. It is shown ...

We experimentally investigate the interaction of counterpropagating discrete solitons in a one-dimensional waveguide array in photorefractive lithium niobate. While for low input powers only weak interaction and formation of counterpropagating vector solitons are observed, for higher input powers a growing instability results in discrete lateral shifting of the formed discrete solitons. Numeric...

Many physical phenomena are modeled with nonlinear partial differential equations that possess solitary wave solutions called solitons. Solitons exhibit Gaussian forms and in turn engender normal probability distributions. Moreover, solitons fluctuate randomly during evolution. These features intricately relate the solitons to wavelets, statistical distributions and random processes. In the pre...

We report on the formation and stability of induced solitons in parity-time (PT) symmetric periodic systems with the logarithmically saturable nonlinearity. Both on-site and off-site lattice solitons exist for the self-focusing nonlinearity. The most intriguing result is that the above solitons can also be realized inside the several higher-order bands of the band structure, due to the change o...