OBJECTIVES IncF plasmids are frequently encountered in clinical enterobacterial strains associated with the dissemination of relevant antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. These plasmids are usually heterogeneous in size and carry multiple replicons, and technical difficulties can impair the comparison and detection of related plasmids by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysi...

With increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections have become more difficult to treat, elevating the importance of surveillance and prevention. Effective surveillance relies on the availability of rapid, cost-effective, and informative typing methods to monitor bacterial isolates. PCR-based typing assays are fast and inexpensive, but their utility is limited by the lack of ta...

Single nucleotide substitutions and unique insertions/deletions are the most common form of DNA sequence variation and disease-causing mutation in the human genome. Because of the biological and medical importance of these variations, a wide array of methods have been developed for their typing. We have applied an approach that combines the amplification of polymorphic regions by the polymerase...

background :   this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ctx-mand tem type esbls-producing k. pneumoniae and determination of mdr, xdr, and pdr phenotypes of these isolates as well as find out the genetic relationship and molecular typing of these isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods. methods :   non-repetitive 96 k. pneumonia isolates were isolated from hospitalized patients in a...

ABSTRACT Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) isolates may be divided into four groups separated by serological, molecular, and epidemiological differences. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the two major groups of isolates, represented by the D and M serotypes of the virus, have been obtained. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays allowing the direct detection and differentiation of PPV isolates h...

Clostridium difficile is the most commonly identified pathogen among health care-associated infections in the United States. There is a need for accurate and low-cost typing tools that produce comparable data across studies (i.e., portable data) to help characterize isolates during epidemiologic investigations of C. difficile outbreaks and sporadic cases of disease. The most popular C. difficil...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Mycobacterium avium has emerged as a major opportunistic pathogen, infecting nearly 50 per cent of HIV/AIDS patients in the western world. There is no report from India regarding the typing profile of M. avium, a potential pathogen, the present study was undertaken to assess the genotypic diversity of Indian M. avium isolates of human origin. METHODS A total of 65 bioch...

BACKGROUND Unambiguous HLA typing is important in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), HLA disease association studies, and solid organ transplantation. However, current molecular typing methods only interrogate the antigen recognition site (ARS) of HLA genes, resulting in many cis-trans ambiguities that require additional typing methods to resolve. Here we report high-resolution HLA...

We compared the results of two typing methods for 678 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of the coagulase gene was a more reliable method than coagulase serotyping from the viewpoint of arbekacin resistance.