Among both inventory theorists and practitioners, it is common use to include an opportunity cost rate in the holding cost rate. In that way, the cost of capital can be roughly incorporated in an average cost (AC) inventory model. The traditional way for calculating the opportunity cost rate is to multiply the interest rate (or discount rate) by the marginal cost for producing/ordering an item....

in this article, demand equations for import of consumer, intermediate and capital goods for the period 1971(2) to 1999(1), is estimated and analyzed, using the ardl pesaran & shin method. the results show that the behavior of the different categories of imported goods in iran is best explained by the parallel market exchange rate, implying this rate is a closer approximation fir the opportunit...