multiple-choice questions are commonly employed for testing languageknowledge. however, since in the recently proposed systematic approach toitem writing, using various item formats is desirable and there is very fewresearches on the possibility of using translation items for giving variety toitems on a test. the present study aims at comparing reliability and itemdifficulty of translation and ...

Introduction: In the test-enhanced spaced learning, educationalcontents are presented in small packages of well-developedtest questions with a defined frequency to the learners. It is notclear that applying this educational style might have a positiveimpact on the summative assessment. Therefore, in this studywe assessed the effect of the test-enhanced spaced learn...

We present a new model of liberal (also known as free-choice) multiple-choice tests in which a candidate’s test score is represented as a function of two other variables: their inclination to eliminate perceived distracters; and the accuracy with which they are able to do this. We propose a number of theoretical relationships between these three variables that appear to support the notion that ...