STUDY QUESTION How is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression regulated by hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) during menstruation? SUMMARY ANSWER After progesterone (P4) withdrawal, HIF1A was activated and it directly up-regulated VEGF mRNA expression and this regulation was the highest during endometrium breakdown in the mouse menstrual-like model. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY ...

Abstract The early events characterising implantation of the human embryo represent a critical step in which proper activation orchestrated molecular pathways regulate success pregnancy. Understanding this complex network is considered by many last frontier reproduction. Although outstanding research advancements have provided clinicians tools to select best quality embryo, identification optim...

giant cell carcinoma of the endometrium is a rare and an aggressive tumor that should be distinguished from other endometrial tumors with a prominent giant cell component, including trophoblastic tumors, certain primary sarcomas, and malignant mixed müllerian tumors. at present, cumulative data on this rare histological variant is limited and the prognostic significance of the presence and the ...

Immune cells play an integral role in affecting successful reproductive function. Indeed, disturbed or aberrant immune function has been identified as primary mechanisms behind infertility. In contrast to the extensive body of literature that exists for human and mouse, studies detailing the immunological interaction between the embryo and the maternal endometrium are quite few in cattle. Never...

background: apelin is a mitogenic peptide; it has functions in vessel formation and cell proliferation. in this study we aimed to evaluate the serum and tissue levels and local expression pattern of apelin in eutopic and ectopic endometrium from patients with and without endometriosis and to compare the proliferative and secretory phase differences. methods: thirty women with endometriosis and ...

Total láclatedehydrogenase levels and M-type subunits of this enzyme were greatly increased, compared with normal values, in hyperplastic endometrium. The levels of láclatedehydrogenase in 43 cases of hyperplastic endome trium were similar lo Ihose in 3 cases of carcinoma of ine endometrium. The findings suggest that a biochemical relationship exists between hyperplasia and carcinoma of endom...

Our studies demonstrate significantly lower expression of relaxin and its receptor in ectopic endometriotic tissues than their expression in eutopic endometrium and in endometrium from normal controls. These data suggest that in normal and eutopic endometrium, relaxin may exert a protective effect against endometriosis.

Cigarette smoke contains around 4000 chemical substances including free radicals and carcinogens, which are xenobiotic agents in the body, affecting the reproductive system. Purple sweet potatoes contain the color pigment anthocyanin. The purple color pigment (anthocyanin) in purple sweet potatoes is a beneficial antioxidant because it can react with free radicals that can cause damage in the b...

background: we often see patients with a thin endometrium in art cycles, in spite of standard and adjuvant treatments. improving endometrial growth in patients with a thin endometrium is very difficult. without adequate endometrial thickness these patients, likely, would not have reached embryo transfer. objective: we planned this study to investigate the efficacy of intrauterine granulocyte co...

Endocrinologic and metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have complex effects on the endometrium, contributing to the infertility endometrial disorders observed women with this  syndrome. The consequences of PCOS on homeostasis pathophysiology not been comprehensively understood. This review provides an overview molecular mechanisms endometrial  function with this path...