background: during the initial phase of an infection, there is an upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the macrophages for the production of nitric oxide. this is followed by the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) which release arginase. arginase competes with inducible nitric oxide synthase for a common substrate l-arginine. objective: to investigate whethe...

site-directed mutagenesis (sdm) as a powerful technique was used to change two important and conserved amino acids in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3- phosphate synthase (epsps) gene of e. coli. the mutations changed glycine 96 to alanine and alanine 183 to threonine. these two amino acids are very important for intraction of the wide spectrum herbicide, glyphosate, to epsp synthase enzymes. by design...

Background: TRX training is a new training method that has beneficial effects on improving balance and strength. However, the role of these types of training on the factors associated with function and mitochondrial biogenesis is not understood. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of TRX training on serum levels of Peroxisome proliferator-activated...

background: the aim of this study was to compare the effects of diode laser irradiation on wound healing in oral rat mucosa and also to measure the amount of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and endothelial nos (enos) on oral wound healing. healing was assessed by histology and the amounts of enos and inos were measured by real‑time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). materials and methods: ...

The fragrance and food industries demand for short/branched wax esters is increasing due to their rich scent low toxicity. Wax synthase acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (WS/DGAT) are a family of...

F1Fo-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) is a central membrane protein that synthetizes most of the ATP in cell through rotational movement driven by proton gradient across hosting membrane. In mitochondria, synthases can form dimers specific interactions between some subunits protein. The dimeric provides with spontaneous curvature sustain their arrangement at rim high-curvature edges mitochondrial (c...

Soybean is highly sensitive to drought stress during its flowering period. Heinong84 (HN84) and Hefeng46 (HF46) were planted in clay loam, silty sandy clay. We studied the effects of on content membrane lipid peroxides soybean leaves, activity antioxidant enzymes, key enzymes nitrogen metabolism under different soil conditions. Our results showed that had clear physiological responses stress. W...

The complete mRNA sequence of one tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) gene—guanosine monophosphate (GMP)synthase, was amplified using the rapid amplification cDNA ends methods. full-length GMP synthase gene 2,127bp containing a 1,617 bp open reading frame, which encodes protein 538 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that shares high homology with wood tobacco(99%), nicotiana attenuata(99%), toment...

Several 2-amino-4-carboxypyridine, 4- and 5-carboxypyridone-based compounds were prepared and tested against three members of the chorismate-utilising enzyme family, anthranilate synthase, isochorismate synthase and salicylate synthase. Most compounds exhibited low micromolar inhibition of these three enzymes. The most potent inhibitor was a 4-carboxypyridone analogue bearing a lactate side cha...