Class III malocclusion is thought to be a result of interaction of genes and environment, studies on family pedigree chart have pointed on its probability of its monogenic dominant inheritance. Vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin like growth factor 1 and HOX -3 are few of those genes .The influence of genetic factors can be understood only when studied in quantitative terms. This review...

Introduction: Mandibular setback surgery (MSS) is one of the treatment options to resolve mandibular prognathism in patients suffering from skeletal class III malocclusion, which cannot be treated with simple orthodontic treatment. The surgical operation can involve changes pharyngeal morphology, resulting a narrowing posterior airway space (PAS). This aspect associated an increase airflow resi...

This study aimed to analyze pharyngeal airflow characteristics and their relationship with the skeletal movement of maxilla mandible after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients class III (mandibular prognathism) malocclusion. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was conducted before (T0), immediately (T1), at least six months (T2). Digital imaging communications medicine files were trans...

OBJECTIVES To compare 2D:4D ratio which is determined by testosterone levels with patients having orthognathic, retrognathic and prognathic mandibles. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed at Chennai, on 320 subjects of which, 60 subjects (32 males and 28 females) had retrognathic mandible; 55 subjects (25 males and 30 females) had prognathic mandible and 205 subjects (98 males and 10...