In the past, the first way to reduce the congestion of the Air Traffic Control System was to modify the structure of the airspace in order to increase the capacity (increasing the number of runways, increasing the number of sectors by reducing their size). This method has a limit due to the cost involved by new runways and the way to manage traffic in too small sectors (a controller needs a min...

active queue management (aqm) plays an important role in the internet congestion control. it tries to enhance congestion control, and to achieve tradeoff between bottleneck utilization and delay. random early detection (red) is the most popular active queue management algorithm that has been implemented in the in internet routers and is trying to supply low delay and low packet loss. red algori...

in the deregulated power systems, transmission congestion is one of the significant and main problems of the electrical networks which can cause incremental cost in the energy. this problem has resulted to new challenging issues in different parts of power systems which there was not in the traditional systems or at least had very little importance. transmission congestion happens when the maxi...

Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc networks offer challenges to TCP’s congestion control mechanism related to its inability of distinguishing between losses induced by congestion and others types of losses. The performance of transport layer protocols will be a key factor in the successful extension of internet application and services to Mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANETs). This paper uses fixed RTO interval....

Group membership regulation is a useful mechanism for multicast congestion control: RLM, RLC, FLID-DL, and WEBRC form a promising line of multi-group protocols where receivers provide no feedback to the sender but control congestion via group subscription. Unfortunately, the group subscription mechanism also offers receivers an opportunity to elicit self-beneficial bandwidth allocations. In par...

To the Editor: Nasal glucocorticosteroids (NGCS) are considered first-line therapy for allergic rhinitis and are effective therapy for nonallergic rhinitis, especially vasomotor rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome.1–4 Nasal congestion can persist despite maximum treatment with NGCS. Although oral and topical antihistamines are effective in relieving this symptom,5,6 nei...

Existence of many different Operators in the new electricity has brought many challenges in the system operation and control to obtain minimum generation cost and security. With the growing demand of electricity in the competitive electricity market environment, one or more transmission lines could be overloaded, therefore causing congestion. The congestion can be eliminated/alleviated by impro...

Location management being a major part of cellular network provides mobility to mobile subscribers. The current location information is required to route the call correctly to the recipient irrespective of its current location. The current HLR/VLR architecture for location management in standards like IS-41 & GSM suffers from call setup delay due to network congestion and also prone to failure ...

As ATM network is designed for broad band transmission that is high data rate (25 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps) and supports the transmission of every kind of data, congestion control and delay have been important issues for ATM networks. Data transmission is done in the form of cell (53 bytes) relay. Hence, cell sequence and the error control have to be carried out properly. ATM networks presents difficul...

Abstract: This paper studies the mathematical modelling of Internet congestion control. Differently to previous models, which consider either the link capacity or the node processing capability as the constraints, here we take both of them into account, i.e., the aggregate flow rate on a link cannot exceed the link capacity and the aggregate flow rate at a node is limited by the node processing...