This paper uses micro data from the Brazilian PNAD between 1981 and 2002 to ascertain the role of local labor demand play in shaping work and schooling decisions of children aged 10-15. Using male adult employment by state and year as a proxy for labor demand, we find evidence that contrary to the widespread view that child labor is procyclical among young children (ages 1012) employment (schoo...

PURPOSE To develop an automated technique for evaluating lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plan quality and predicting achievable lung dose constraints. METHODS We examined the workflow scripting capabilities of a radiation oncology software package (MIM Software Inc) for automatically generating mean dose gradients and overlap volume histograms (OVHs) for lung SBRT plans. Mean dose ...

a correlational study was conducted to investigate the relationship between me duration of labor stages and the   newborn 's apgar score in women admitted to imam khomeini hospital (sari 1994).   a total of 1 20 primigravida women admitted for delivery wert' selected sequentially. the tool was a checklist   consisting of three parts . the first part inquired as to certain demographic ...

objectives this study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intramuscular pethidine as an analgesic during labor by comparing it to inhaled 50% nitrous oxide (entonox). conclusions inhaled nitrous oxide seems to give better pain relief in the short term compared to a single dose of pethidine. entonox, which is more convenient to administer than an intramuscular injection of pethidine, is a...

introduction: considering the high incidence of preterm labor and its known complications, and that human myometrium contains receptors for human chronic gonadotropin (hcg) and that hcg can inhibit myometrial contractions on vitro, made me study treating effects of hcg on preterm labor. this clinical trial study was carried out to compare the effect of hcg, and magnesium sulfate (mgso4) on prev...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is normally present in amniotic fluid and then to determine if amniotic-fluid G-CSF levels are affected by labor and intrauterine infection. METHODS Amniotic fluid was collected from 35 patients in 4 groups: no labor, early labor, late labor, and labor plus chorioamnionitis. G-CSF levels were...

Labor Market Pooling, Outsourcing and Labor Contracts Economic regions, such as urban agglomerations, face external demand and price shocks that produce income risk. Workers in large and diversified agglomerations may benefit from reduced wage volatility, while firms may outsource the production of intermediate goods and realize benefits from Chamberlinian externalities. Firms may also protect ...

some times used their powers to achieve unjustifiable ends, at employers' or public's expense. But, although such excesses might illustrate the need for enlightened leadership or perhaps for some mild legal reforms, their conclusion on balance is that big labor was a necessary offset to big businesses. Knowing and agreeing to the outcome -big labor -in turn informs most histories of the evoluti...