This research examines the impact of import substitution policy on trade balance and exchange rate in Ghana by employing macroeconomic variables – inflation interest rate. For a robustness check, is analyzed using augmented magnitude approaches. The study utilizes quarterly data from 1990Q1 to 2021Q1 applies Johansen cointegration test vector error correction model estimate dynamics impac...

South African agriculture has the potential to stimulate growth in other economic sectors, but dwindling budgetary allocations over time and nature of impacting factors on value agricultural production have not received much attention recent times. Therefore, present study examined effects government expenditure agriculture, annual average rainfall, consumer price index, food import value, popu...

This paper investigates the causality and cointegration relationships between seven major cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin (BTC), Binance Coin (BNB), Cardano (ADA), Dogecoin (DOGE), Ethereum (ETH), Polkadot (DOT) Ripple (XRP), using Johansen Cointegration Granger Causality tests over period from August 21, 2020 to April 19, 2021. Results indicate that there exists among cryptocurrencies in long...

This paper presents a comparison of power of panel tests of cointegration and show how the choice of most powerful test depends on the values of the sample statistics. Country-by-country and panel stationarity and cointegration tests are performed using a panel of 20 OECD countries observed over the period 1971-2004. Residual-based tests and a cointegration rank test in the system of health car...

In this thesis, we study a smooth-transition type of nonlinear cointegration among a dynamic system. Base on the Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive (LSTAR) models, the definition of cointegration which is extended form Engle and Granger (1987)’s definition of linear cointegration is introduced. Then statistical test for linear cointegration against nonlinear cointegration is derived. The...

This paper examines stationarity and cointegration of health expenditure and GDP, for a sample of 21 OECD countries using data for the period 1960-1997, by applying a test battery that allows robust inference to be made on the stationarity and cointegration issue. Trend stationarity and no-cointegration are tested using new country-by-country and panel tests, not previously applied in this sett...

The structure of the package apt and the implementation of models for asymmetric price transmission (APT) are explained in this note. This type of economic analysis is typically time series analysis with the steps of unit root test, cointegration test, and finally error correction model. APT studies have evolved with several distinct stages: pre-cointegration, linear cointegration, nonlinear th...

The Indonesian Composite Index (ICI) experienced a critical session, the data showed ICI fell by 6.58% which was biggest decline in last 9 years. prevailing notion that this pressure stemmed from prevalence of Covid-19 concern and is anticipated to be alleviated once disseminates further. purpose study determine causality long-term cointegration relationship between sharia stock Indonesia Organ...

Food production in Nigeria has not matched with the rate of population growth leading to reduction national food independence and self-reliance. As a result, is facing serious insecurity. Therefore, this research examined impacts climate change on security Nigeria. Annual time-series (proxy index), annual rainfall, temperature, rate, urban agricultural land used from 1980 2019 were used. The Au...

The paper aims at empirically investigating the long-run explanatory power of environmental quality and energy intensity towards aggregate health spending volumes for a set 108 countries. significance CO2-related pollution levels as determinants is well-evident, proven from modern pooled data econometric procedures applied. Keeping in view previous research on subject, sample countries disaggre...