BACKGROUND The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services require that dialysis patients' health-related quality of life be assessed annually. The primary instrument used for this purpose is the Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36-Item Short-Form Survey (KDQOL-36), which includes the SF-12 as its generic core and 3 kidney disease-targeted scales: Burden of Kidney Disease, Symptoms and Problems of K...

BACKGROUND Government of India has launched National Program for Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) to address high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute a significant portion of NCD burden. While this program is yet to be launched in all districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, we...

Background: According to the industrialization of countries and development of societies, tests and methods are required to employ people in industries and organizations and make the best selection in getting workforce. Interviews, Written tests  , and multiple choice tests are common methods used in employing people. Among these methods  , multiple choice tests is the easiest one because of th...