Esterases from insecticide-resistant and -susceptible strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were isolated and analyzed for differences in activity. The isozymes E5, E6, E7, and E8 of resistant strains indicated about two- to fivefold increases in activity compared with those of the susceptible strain. These isozymes constituted approximately 60% of the total activity in the res...

The low molecular weight threonine-resistant (class I) and the higher molecular weight threonine-sensitive (class II/III) isozymes of homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3) isolated from Zea mays L. were shown to differ in stability during incubations in the presence of urea. Class II/III was inactivated by urea in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with complete inactivation occurring ...

Mouse photoreceptor function and survival critically depend on Ca(2+)-regulated retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase (RetGC), comprised of two isozymes, RetGC1 and RetGC2. We characterized the content, catalytic constants, and regulation of native RetGC1 and RetGC2 isozymes using mice lacking guanylyl cyclase activating proteins GCAP1 and GCAP2 and deficient for either GUCY2F or GUCY2E genes, resp...

Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is a key enzyme in photorespiratory metabolism. Four putative GLO genes were identified in the rice genome, but how each gene member contributes to GLO activities, particularly to its isozyme profile, is not well understood. In this study, we analyzed how each gene plays a role in isozyme formation and enzymatic activities in both yeast cells and rice tissues. Five GLO i...

Seven isozymes of cytochrome P-450 were tested to establish whether they could W-oxidize azoprocarbazine to form the two isomerie azoxy metabolites after optimizing the reconstitution of various purified isozymes with regard to substrate concentration, exogenous lipid, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c (P-450) reducÃ-aseconcentration. Two isozymes, cytochromes...

Seven isozymes of cytochrome P-450 were tested to establish whether they could N-oxidize azoprocarbazine to form the two isomeric azoxy metabolites after optimizing the reconstitution of various purified isozymes with regard to substrate concentration, exogenous lipid, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase concentration. Two isozymes, cytochromes...

Recent studies have revealed that phosphoinositide (PI) signaling molecules are expressed in mammalian retinas, suggesting their importance in its signal transduction. We previously showed that diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) isozymes are expressed in distinct patterns in rat retina at the mRNA level. However, little is known about the nature and morphological aspects of DGKs in the retina. For thi...

Introduction The principle of electrophoresis is known to be of great use in today's medicine and an expanding literature on this subject supports this view. Various methods for the electrophoretic separation of charged molecules have been developed in the past 15 years. Immunological and physicochemical studies have further increased knowledge of these electrophoretic fractions. On this princi...

Individual protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have been implicated in many cellular responses important in lung health and disease, including permeability, contraction, migration, hypertrophy, proliferation, apoptosis, and secretion. New ideas on mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including the identification of a novel PKC kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), that regulates ...

Isozymes are enzymes with different molecular forms due to the differences in amino acid residues and exhibits same catalytic activity. Isozymes were also reported as biochemical genetic markers and widely used to study genetic diversity in plants. Differential expression of isozymes has attributed with different developmental stages, tissue specificity, stress factors etc. Accordingly, the exp...