This paper deals with efficiency of weakly ionized gas-wall interaction which leads to follows: melting surface, clustering of vapor and melted charged drops nucleation to the solid phase. It shapes roughness of the surface coating.

Interactions between ions and neutrals in a partially ionized plasma are important throughout heliophysics, including near the solar surface in prominences. Understanding how ionneutral coupling affects formation, support, structure, and dynamics of prominences will advance our physical understanding of magnetized systems involving a transition from a weakly ionized dense gas to a fully ionized...

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is an arc welding process that uses a nonconsumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas (usually an inert gas such as argon), and a filler metal is normally used, though some welds, known as autogenous welds, do not require it. A const...

The formation of the first stars out of metal-free gas appears to result in stars at least an order of magnitude more massive than in the present-day case. We here consider what controls the transition from a primordial to a modern initial mass function. It has been proposed that this occurs when effective metal line cooling occurs at a metallicity threshold of Z/Z⊙ > 10 . We study the influenc...

High spatial resolution, narrow band, infrared line images and CO (1—0) mm interferometer data are presented for NGC 7027. These data trace emission from the central H II region (Bra), the intermediate photodissociation region [H2 1—0S(1) and 3.3 /im dust feature], and the molecular circumstellar envelope [CO (1—0)]. The H II region lies in a cavity in the CO envelope, and consists of a smooth ...

We present a study of the distribution of [O III] λ5007 and [O II] λ3727 emission in the Narrow Line Region (NLR) of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. While the NLR of NGC 4151 exhibits an overall structure consistent with the unified model of Seyfert galaxies, narrow-band [O III] and [O II] images obtained with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) reveal s...

We have identified two new galaxies with gas counter-rotation (NGC 1596 and NGC 3203) and have confirmed similar behaviour in another one (NGC 128), this using results from separate studies of the ionized-gas and stellar kinematics of a welldefined sample of 30 edge-on disc galaxies. Gas counter-rotators thus represent 10±5% of our sample, but the fraction climbs to 21 ± 11% when only lenticula...

The possibility of observing acoustic-wave amplification made possible through the heating of neutral particles by electrons in a weakly ionized gas has received some recent attention. -4 The idea is that an existing sound wave, by inducing a space-.time variation in the electron density, would create an acoustic source, thereby generating a wave that interferes constructively with the original...

We compare the cosmic evolution of star formation rates in galaxies with that of their neutral hydrogen densities. We highlight the need for neutral hydrogen to be continually replenished from a reservoir of ionized gas to maintain the observed star formation rates in galaxies. Hydrodynamic simulations indicate that the replenishment may occur naturally through gas infall, although measured rat...

amide-iminol tautomerism was studied for ionized oxamic acid (oa+•) in the gas phase using thedft method with the ub3lyp functional and various basis sets {6-31++g(d,p), 6-311+g(d,p), and augcc-pvdz}. among twenty tautomers-rotamers possible for oa+•, eleven isomers were found to bethermodynamically stable. similarly as for the neutral molecule, ionization (oa → oa+• + e) favors theamidization ...