BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The atypical walking pattern in children with spastic cerebral palsy is assumed to involve kinematic and morphological adaptations that allow them to move. The purpose of this study was to explore how the requirements of the task and the energy-generating and energy-conserving capabilities of children with cerebral palsy relate to kinematic and mechanical energy patterns ...

While simple models can be helpful in identifying basic features of muscle function, more complex models are needed to discern the functional roles of specific muscles in movement. In this paper, two very different models of walking, one simple and one complex, are used to study how muscle forces, gravitational forces and centrifugal forces (i.e. forces arising from motion of the joints) combin...

BACKGROUND Massive weight loss patients often have significant upper midline abdominal fullness that contributes to the overall abdominal girth. This region frequently is not adequately treated with conventional abdominoplasty techniques. OBJECTIVE The author used a fleur-de-lis pattern when performing a full abdominoplasty or circumferential abdominoplasty. The technical refinements of this ...