Bacterial distribution in different developmental stages of house fly Muscadomesticavicina revealed that in the majority of maggots and prepupae, the hemolymph is sterile. Fat cells and trachea are like-wise sterile. Bacteria was distributed through the digestive tract of immature stages of the fly. In larvae/ the largest bacterial count was found in the fore gut then the hind gut and lastly th...

A number of side effects have been noted during aureomycin and chloramphenicol therapy. Harris' described the untoward effects in detail and suggested that many of these are caused by an interference with the biochemical processes involved in vitamin B metabolism. In addition to the gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea and/or vomiting, epigastric distress, heartburn, and diarrhea, he noted that ...

BACKGROUND Recent research on obesity has demonstrated that the intestinal microflora can have an important influence on host energy balance. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the intestinal microflora and the body mass index in the first 3 years of life. RESULTS In a prospective study, a faecal sample from 138 infants was taken at the age of 3, 26 and 52 weeks ...

Enterohepatic Helicobacter species infect the intestinal tracts and biliary trees of various mammals, including mice and humans, and are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, gallstone formation, and malignant transformation. The recent analysis of the whole genome sequence of the mouse enterohepatic species Helicobacter hepaticus allowed us to perform a functional ana...

Surgically induced duodenal reflux results in cancer development in the rat esophagus. One proposed mechanism of carcinogenesis relies on the production of carcinogens in the presence of bacterial overgrowth. Against this background, intestinal microflora in the rat jejunum was analyzed before and after reflux-inducing surgery. Total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy were performed on Sprague...

AIM To demonstrate that specific bacteria might release bacterial extracellular DNA (eDNA) to exert immunomodulatory functions in the mouse small intestine. METHODS Extracellular DNA was extracted using phosphate buffered saline with 0.5 mmol/L dithiothreitol combined with two phenol extractions. TOTO-1 iodide, a cell-impermeant and high-affinity nucleic acid stain, was used to confirm the ex...

The initial response to infection is recruitment of acute inflammatory cells to the involved site. Interleukin (IL)-8 is the prototypical effector molecule for this process. Transcription of the IL-8 gene is primarily governed by the nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB. Intestinal epithelial cells produce IL-8 in response to infection by enteric pathogens yet remain quiescent in a milieu where...

The bacteria in the large intestines of 10 northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were enumerated and partially characterized. Four nonhibernating frogs were collected in the summer, four hibernating frogs were collected in the winter, and two frogs just emerged from hibernation were collected in the spring. All frogs had about 10(10) bacteria per g (wet weight) of intestinal contents and about ...

BACKGROUND Although Campylobacter jejuni-infections have a high prevalence worldwide and represent a significant socioeconomic burden, it is still not well understood how C. jejuni causes intestinal inflammation. Detailed investigation of C. jejuni-mediated intestinal immunopathology is hampered by the lack of appropriate vertebrate models. In particular, mice display colonization resistance ag...