The network of regions shown by functional imaging studies to be deactivated by experimental tasks relative to nominally more passive baselines (task < baseline) may reflect processes engaged during the resting state or "default mode." Deactivation may result when attention and resources are diverted from default-mode processes toward task processes. Aging is associated with altered patterns of...

Diagnosis of patients with a disorder of consciousness is very challenging. Previous studies investigating resting state networks demonstrate that 2 main features of the so-called default mode network (DMN), metabolism and functional connectivity, are impaired in patients with a disorder of consciousness. However, task-induced deactivation--a third main feature of the DMN--has not been explored...

1. Paramyotonia congenita (PC) is a human hereditary disorder wherein missense mutations in the skeletal muscle sodium channel lead to cold-exacerbated muscle hyperexcitability. The most common site for PC mutations is the outermost arginine of domain i.v. segment 4 (human R1448, rat R1441). 2. We examined the rat homologues of two PC mutants with changes at this site: R1441P and R1441C. The R-...

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials may result in the release of inhibitors and deactivators of cellulose enzyme hydrolysis. We report the identification of phenols with major inhibition and/or deactivation effect on enzymes used for conversion of cellulose to ethanol. The inhibition effects were measured by combining the inhibitors (phenols) with enzyme and substrate immediately at the b...

Cognitive processing is associated with deactivation of the default mode network. The presence of dopaminoceptive neurons in proximity to the medial prefrontal node of this network suggests that this neurotransmitter may modulate deactivation in this region. We therefore used positron emission tomography to measure cerebral blood flow in 15 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients while they performed...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW As the use of intracardiac devices has increased, the awareness of the burdens of the devices, especially the uncomfortable defibrillator shocks, has also increased. Some patients have requested device deactivation and some physicians have expressed reluctance to do so. This review will update physicians about the ethical acceptability of removal of intracardiac devices. REC...

background total correction of tetralogy of fallot (tof) anomaly in early childhood has been practiced in many centers with good results, but in some of patients after few years sever pulmonary valve insufficiency occurred. materials and methods at a cross- sectional study from january 2015 to january 2016, 10 patients who had history of primary repair of tof with free pulmonary insufficiency (...

repair of the mitral valve is the treatment of choice for mitral valve regurgitation when the anatomy is favorable. it is well known that mitral valve repair enjoys better clinical and functional results than any other type of valve substitute. this fact is beyond doubt regardless of the etiology of the valve lesion and is of particular importance in degenerative diseases. this review analyzes ...

mitral valve replacement (mvr) is usually performed in two methods of running and interrupted suturing. in running method, the suturing of the valve is usually with some traction on the annulus and also there is a risk of aortic valve injury. this study was conducted to evaluate a new technique for suturing to avoid these complications and decrease the time of cardiac arrest. one hundred and se...