Studying the cyclotron resonance (CR) induced photoconductivity in GaAs and HgTe two-dimensional electron structures under circularly polarized terahertz illumination, we observed an anomalous resonant photoresponse for CR inactive helicity of almost same magnitude as active helicity. This observation conflicts with simultaneous transmission measurements fundamentally contradicts conventional t...

The biased agonism of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), where in addition to a traditional G protein-signaling pathway a GPCR promotes intracellular signals though β-arrestin, is a novel paradigm in pharmacology. Biochemical and biophysical studies have suggested that a GPCR forms a distinct ensemble of conformations signaling through the G protein and β-arrestin. Here we report on the d...

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a trios...

Understanding the dynamics of spruce budworm population is very important for the protection of spruce and balsam fir trees of North American forests, and a full understanding of the dynamics requires careful consideration of the individual physiological structures that is essential for outbreak control. A model as a delay differential equation is derived from structured population system, and ...

Combining RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with immunofluorescence (immuno-FISH) creates a technique that can be employed at the single cell level to detect the spatial dynamics of RNA localization with simultaneous insight into the localization of proteins, epigenetic modifications and other details which can be highlighted by immunofluorescence. X-chromosome inactivation is a para...

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate cellular responses to various hormones and neurotransmitters and are important targets for treating a wide spectrum of diseases. Although significant advances have been made in structural studies of GPCRs, details of their activation mechanism remain unclear. The X-ray crystal structure of the M2 muscarinic receptor, a key GPCR that regulates human he...

Signal protein NtrC possesses a pre-existing conformational equilibrium encompassing both inactive and active states. It shows a positive heterotropic allostery in the single switch domain for binding ligands and phosphorylation. Using a coarse-grained dynamics simulation, we computed the fluctuations and correlations of inter-domain motion in NtrC. The diagonalized correlation between the inac...