cupric oxide nanostructures were synthesized via a simple reaction between copper nitrate and sodium hydroxide using a sonochemical-assisted method. the synthesized cuo was then characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. our studies show that the cuo na...

The design and optimization of nanostructure-based surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensor is analyzed based on TiO2 sensing layer and modified electrode dimensions. The sensitivity of the gas sensor depends upon the type of sensing layer used and active surface area obtained by varying the aspect ratio. The performance of the sensor is observed from 0.1ppm to 100ppm concentration of ...

abstract background and aim: secondary caries are a common challenge for dentists. many researchers have evaluated the accuracy of digital radiographic systems in the detection of secondary caries and have reported controversial results. therefore, the aim of this in vivo study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of digital radiography in the detection of secondary caries in anterior teeth...

This paper presents a holistic view of energy management in sensor networks. We first discuss hardware designs that support the life cycle of energy, namely: (i) energy harvesting, (ii) energy storage and (iii) energy consumption and control. Then, we discuss individual software designs that manage energy consumption in sensor networks. These energy-aware designs include media access control, r...

This paper presents distributed adaptation techniques for use in wireless sensor networks. As an example application, we consider data routing by a sensor network in an urban terrain. The adaptation methods are based on ideas from physics, biology, and chemistry. All approaches are emergent behaviors in that: (i) perform global adaptation using only locally available information, (ii) have stro...

...............................................................................................................III DISSERTATION....................................................................................................... VII DIVISION OF WORK BETWEEN AUTHORS .......................................................... IX INTRODUCTION..........................................................

Future wireless network are envisioned to be pervasive and ubiquitow. The integration of wireless sensor networks with wireless local area network and the Internet is an important issue of future wireless networks. This paper has identified three challenges in the integration of wireless sensor network with wireless local area networks and the Internet: (i) reliable communication issue among se...

wireless sensor networks (wsns) consist of a large number of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing different environmental phenomena and sending the collected data to the base station or sink. since sensor nodes are made of cheap components and are deployed in remote and uncontrolled environments, they are prone to failure; thus, maintaining a network with its proper functions even when und...

this paper presents an optimal integrated instrumentation sensor network design methodology for complex nonlinear chemical process plants using a combinatorial particle swarm optimiazation (cpso) engine. no comprehensive sensor network design approach has been addressed yet in the literature to simultaneously incorporate cost, precision and reliability requirements for nonlinear plants. the pre...